Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of concussed athletes
Low PCS group 1 (n = 9)Moderate PCS group 2 (n = 9)Control group 3 (n = 10)
Mean age (y)26.9 (5.6)30.8 (5.8)21.9 (1.6)
Mean PCS score10.8 (6.3)47.0 (14.1)0.6 (1.0)
Mean No of concussions4.0 (1.3)3.4 (1.4)0.5 (0.8)
Time since injury (months)6.4 (8.7)4.0 (2.9)n/a
Primary initial symptoms (n (%))n/a
    LOC1 (11%)1 (11%)
    PTA0 (0%)4 (44%)
    Headache5 (56%)3 (33%)
    Dizziness1 (11%)1 (11%)
    Visual problem2 (22%)0 (0%)
    Cognitive1 (11%)2 (22%)
Injury mechanismn/a
    Direct8 (89%)8 (89%)
    Indirect1 (11%)1 (11%)
  • LOC, loss of consciousness; PCS, post concussive symptoms; PTA, post traumatic amnesia.