Baseline characteristics by final cognitive status
| Variable | No dementia (n = 366) | Developed dementia (n = 33) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADL, activities of daily living; FCSRT, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test. | |||
| Values are mean (SD) unless otherwise stated. | |||
| *Subjects with impairment in one or more physical self maintenance or instrumental activities on the Lawton–Brody scale.21 | |||
| Age (y) | 78.9 (4.7) | 82.6 (5.7) | 0.003 |
| Women (%) | 56.3 | 57.6 | 0.89 |
| Education (y) | 13.4 (3.5) | 14.0 (3.6) | 0.36 |
| Clinical gait abnormalities (%) | |||
| Neurological | 19.0 | 27.0 | 0.11 |
| Non-neurological | 16.5 | 9.2 | 0.20 |
| Mixed | 5.2 | 3.1 | 0.81 |
| Falls (%) | 22 | 24 | 0.89 |
| ADL scale limitations* (%) | |||
| Physical self maintenance | 1 | 3 | 0.33 |
| Instrumental | 5 | 17 | 0.03 |
| Illness index (0–10) | 2.4 (1.7) | 2.5 (1.7) | 0.90 |
| Hachinski ischaemic score (0–15) | 2.5 (1.7) | 3.2 (2.7) | 0.34 |
| Blessed Test score (0–32) | 2.4 (2.2) | 5.8 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| FCSRT, total recall (0–48) | 47.7 (1.1) | 47.1 (1.2) | 0.03 |
| Digit Symbol Substitution Test, total | 37.9 (12.6) | 28.3 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| Letter Fluency Test, total | 35.2 (13.1) | 28.2 (12.9) | 0.005 |
| Digit Span Test, total | 13.4 (3.6) | 11.5 (4.0) | 0.01 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale (0–15) | 1.9 (2.0) | 2.2 (2.4) | 0.21 |