Table 3 Results of repeated-measures ANOVAs, with time point (adolescent and young adult) (twofold) as within-subject independent variable, and sex and group as between-subject factors, covarying for subjects’ ages at both time points and for their socioeconomic status (significant main effects and interactions are highlighted in bold type)

Test	Main effect/interaction	F	df	p Value	Partial eta squared
Full scale IQ	Group	10.892	1,108	0.001	0.092
	Sex	0.216	1,108	0.643	0.002
	Time	1.402	1,108	0.239	0.013
	Time × group	0.090	1,108	0.765	0.001
	Time × sex	5.523	1,108	0.021	0.049
	Group × sex	3.15	1,108	0.079	0.028
	Time × group × sex	0.844	1,108	0.360	0.008
Verbal IQ	Group	9.661	1,115	0.002	0.077
	Sex	0.497	1,115	0.482	0.004
	Time	0.061	1,115	0.806	0.001
	Time × group	0.296	1,115	0.588	0.003
	Time × sex	4.483	1,115	0.036	0.038
	Group × sex	1.80	1,115	0.183	0.015
	Time × group × sex	0.004	1,115	0.947	0.000
Performance IQ	Group	5.581	1,115	0.020	0.047
	Sex	0.507	1,112	0.478	0.005
	Time	1.074	1,112	0.302	0.009
	Time × group	0.805	1,112	0.371	0.007
	Time × sex	1.721	1,112	0.192	0.015
	Group × sex	3.07	1,112	0.082	0.027
	Time × group × sex	0.834	1,112	0.363	0.007
Semantic verbal fluency	Group	1.045	1,112	0.309	0.010
	Sex	0.176	1,112	0.676	0.002
	Time	0.243	1,107	0.623	0.002
	Time × group	8.948	1,107	0.003	0.077
	Time × sex	2.207	1,107	0.140	0.020
	Group × sex	1.59	1,107	0.210	0.015
	Time × group × sex	0.077	1,107	0.781	0.001
Phonological fluency	Group	6.912	1,116	0.010	0.056
	Sex	0.004	1,116	0.953	0.000
	Time	0.241	1,116	0.624	0.002
	Time × group	1.118	1,116	0.293	0.010
	Time × sex	0.849	1,116	0.359	0.007
	Group × sex	0.860	1,116	0.356	0.007
	Time × group × sex	0.143	1,116	0.706	0.001

Main effects were tested using models that did not include the interactions.