| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Specialty | ||||||
| Other | ||||||
| Neurology | 0.31 (0.22 to 0.44) | <0.001 | 0.40 (0.27 to 0.59) | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.23 to 0.62) | <0.001 |
| Patient related variables | ||||||
| Type of admission | ||||||
| Elective | ||||||
| Emergency | 1.59 (1.07 to 2.36) | 0.02 | 1.63 (1.08 to 2.46) | 0.02 | ||
| Charlson comorbidity group | ||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 1–2 | 2.89 (1.91 to 4.37) | <0.001 | 3.19 (2.07 to 4.91) | <0.001 | ||
| ⩾3 | 9.30 (3.74 to 23.1) | <0.001 | 9.24 (3.45 to 24.75) | <0.001 | ||
| p Value for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Past admissions | ||||||
| 0 or 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 2 | 1.38 (0.87 to 2.19) | 0.18 | 1.35 (0.84 to 2.16) | 0.49 | ||
| 3 or more | 0.80 (0.50 to 1.28) | 0.36 | 0.76 (0.46 to 1.24) | 0.27 | ||
| p Value for trend | 0.60 | 0.73 | ||||
| Area deprivation score | ||||||
| Least deprived | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Slightly deprived | 1.25 (0.69 to 2.25) | 0.46 | 1.26 (0.69 to 2.31) | 0.44 | ||
| Moderately deprived | 0.94 (0.53 to 1.65) | 0.83 | 0.89 (0.50 to 1.60) | 0.70 | ||
| Most deprived | 1.31 (0.76 to 2.26) | 0.33 | 1.32 (0.76 to 2.32) | 0.33 | ||
| p Value for trend | 0.47 | 0.51 | ||||
| Provider related variables | ||||||
| Hospital experience | ||||||
| <50 admissions | 1.00 | |||||
| 50–99 admissions | 0.80 (0.47 to 1.38) | 0.43 | ||||
| 100+ admissions | 1.11 (0.64 to 1.92) | 0.71 | ||||
| p Value for trend | 0.77 | |||||
| Area of treatment | ||||||
| North | ||||||
| South | 1.34 (0.93 to 2.07) | 0.11 | ||||
Model 1, simple odds ratio; model 2, after adjustment for patient related variables; model 3, after adjustment for patient and hospital related variables.