Comparisons of demographic and headache profiles between migraine patients with or without cranial autonomic symptoms
| Migraine with CAS (n = 437) | Migraine without CAS (n = 349) | p Value | |
| Age (years) | 40.0 (12.8) | 40.1 (13.1) | 0.846 |
| Male patients (n (%)) | 95 (21.7) | 66 (18.9) | 0.329 |
| Education ⩽high school (n (%)) | 209 (47.8) | 170 (48.7) | 0.805 |
| Age at onset (years) | 22.5 (11.3) | 24.0 (12.3) | 0.073 |
| Headache frequency (days/month) | 9.9 (8.8) | 9.1 (8.8) | 0.209 |
| Disease duration (years) | 17.6 (11.4) | 16.2 (11.1) | 0.085 |
| Severe headache† (n (%)) | 214 (49.0) | 123 (35.2) | <0.001** |
| Unilateral headache (n (%)) | 275 (62.9) | 212 (60.7) | 0.531 |
| Associated symptoms (n (%)) | |||
| Nausea | 344 (78.7) | 232 (66.5) | <0.001** |
| Vomiting | 187 (42.9) | 118 (33.8) | 0.010 |
| Photophobia | 277 (63.4) | 170 (48.7) | <0.001** |
| Phonophobia | 368 (84.4) | 257 (73.9) | <0.001** |
Values are mean (SD) or number (%). †Severe headache: 7–10 in a 0–10 verbal numerical scale. **p<0.01. CAS, cranial autonomic symptoms.