Table 1 Included studies assessing delay in presentation among patients with TIA

Author, publication date	Number of patients (TIA/total)	Setting	Method	Patients	Factors assessed	Significant factors	Median delay (IQR)
Giles et al.^$, 200614	241/241	Population wide and in TIA clinics, UK	Register, interview	TIA	Behaviour	Day of week, motor symptoms	50% same day, 25% ⩾2 days
Rosamond et al., 199815	13/152	1 ED in the US	Register, interview	Stroke & TIA	Perceptual factors	Reduced EMS use in TIA^*	2.0 hours (0.4 hours to 5.0 hours)
						Reduced ambulance use in TIA^*
						Delay in TIA > delay in IS
Wester et al., 199916	59/329	15 EDs in Sweden	Register, interview	Stroke & TIA	Perceptual factors	Reduced EMS use in TIA^*	4.0 hours
						Failure to recognise TIA or react
						Delay TIA < delay IS
Schroeder et al., 200017	122/559	7 EDs in the US	Register, interview	Stroke & TIA	Perceptual factors	Reduced EMS use in TIA^*	3.5 hours^‡ (1.4 hours to 9.1 hours)
Yoneda et al., 200118	15/244	1 ED in Japan	Register	Stroke & TIA	Delay	20% TIA patients >24 hr delay	33% <6 hours, 80% <24 hours
Rossnagel et al., 200419	145/558	4 EDs in Germany	Register, interview	Stroke & TIA	Perceptual factors	Delay TIA < delay IS	151 mins^‡
Lasserson et al.^#, 200820	359/793	UK population study	Register	Minor stroke & TIA	Onset time, recognition as stroke	Day of week, time of symptom onset (during GP surgery hours^† vs presention out of GP surgery hours^§)	Contacting GP surgery during surgery hours:^† 4 hours (1.0 hours to 45.5 hours)
							Contacting ED during GP surgery hours: ^† 0.7 hours (0.38 hours to 2 hours)
							Contacting GP surgery out of GP surgery hours:^§12 hours (2.1 hours to 43 hours)
							Contacting ED out of GP surgery hours:^§ 0.9 hours (0.3 hours to 2.7 hours)
Maestroni et al., 200821	74/375	1 ED in Italy	Register	Stroke & TIA	EMS use	Reduced EMS use in TIA*	4.9 hours (2.8 hours to 11.2 hours)
Palomeras, et al., 200822	34/292	1 ED in Spain	Register, interview	Stroke & TIA	Behaviour, perceptual factors	Delay TIA < delay IS	76% <3 hours

^*Reduced in TIA group compared to ischaemic stroke group; ^† between 8am and 6.30pm; ^‡whole cohort of patients; ^§between 6.30pm and 8am; ^$patients in the Oxford Vascular Study5 and those attending local hospital-based specialist TIA outpatient clinics, April 2002 and March 2003; ^#patients in the Oxford Vascular Study5 from April 2002 until March 2006.
ED, emergency department; EMS, emergency medical services; GP, general practitioner; IS ischaemic stroke; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.