Diagnostic ORs and 95% CI for predicting ICH versus ischaemic stroke in relation to potential clinical predictors in the OXVASC derivation cohort and the hospital clinic-based validation cohort
| Derivation cohort | Validation cohort | |||||||
| Infarct (n/%) n=317 | ICH (n/%) n=17 | Diagnostic OR (95% CI) | p Value | Infarct (n/%) n=265 | ICH (n/%) n=15 | Diagnostic OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Demographic data | ||||||||
| Male | 184 (58) | 11 (65) | 1.3 (0.5 to 3.7) | 0.63 | 158 (60) | 8 (53) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.7) | 0.79 |
| Mean age (SD) | 74 (12) | 74 (11) | – | 0.88 | 72 (11) | 73 (5) | – | 0.59 |
| Symptoms | ||||||||
| Confusion | 25 (8) | 7 (41) | 8.2 (2.9 to 23) | <0.001 | 14 (5) | 6 (40) | 12.0 (3.7 to 38) | <0.001 |
| Vomiting | 17 (5) | 8 (47) | 15.7 (5.4 to 46) | <0.001 | 6 (2) | 1 (7) | 3.1 (0.3 to 27) | 0.32 |
| Headache | 59 (19) | 9 (53) | 4.9 (1.8 to 13) | 0.002 | 34 (13) | 3 (20) | 1.7 (0.5 to 6.3) | 0.43 |
| Vascular risk factors | ||||||||
| Hyperlipidemia | 86 (27) | 5 (29) | 1.1 (0.4 to 3.3) | 0.79 | 60 (23) | 4 (27) | 1.2 (0.4 to 4.0) | 0.75 |
| Previous MI | 38 (12) | 1 (6) | 0.5 (0.1 to 3.6) | 0.70 | 47 (18) | 2 (13) | 0.7 (0.2 to 3.3) | 1.00 |
| Previous stroke | 46 (15) | 4 (24) | 1.8 (0.6 to 5.8) | 0.30 | 28 (11) | 3 (20) | 2.1 (0.6 to 8.0) | 0.22 |
| Previous TIA | 56 (18) | 2 (12) | 0.6 (0.1 to 2.8) | 0.75 | 23 (9) | 1 (7) | 0.8 (0.1 to 6.0) | 1.00 |
| Current smoker | 51 (16) | 3 (18) | 1.1 (0.3 to 4.0) | 0.74 | 50 (19) | 1 (7) | 0.3 (0.0 to 2.4) | 0.32 |
| Hypertension | 198 (62) | 11 (65) | 1.1 (0.4 to 3.1) | 1.0 | 162 (61) | 10 (67) | 1.3 (0.4 to 3.8) | 0.79 |
| Premorbid medications | ||||||||
| Antiplatelet* | 141 (46) | 3 (23) | 0.3 (0.1 to 1.3) | 0.15 | 95 (37) | 4 (36) | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.4) | 1.00 |
| Anticoagulation | 12 (4) | 4 (24) | 7.8 (2.2 to 28) | 0.006 | 8 (3) | 4 (27) | 11.7 (3.0 to 45) | 0.002 |
| Blood pressure at assessment | ||||||||
| <140/90 | 81 (26) | 1 (6) | 1.0 (ref) | 151 (58) | 7 (47) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| 140/90–159/99 mm Hg | 95 (30) | 2 (12) | 1.7 (0.2 to 19) | 1.00 | 14 (5) | 0 (0) | – | 1.00 |
| 160/100–179/109 mm Hg | 74 (23) | 2 (12) | 2.2 (0.2 to 25) | 0.61 | 70 (26) | 3 (20) | 0.9 (0.2 to 3.7) | 1.00 |
| ≥180/110 mm Hg | 67 (21) | 12 (70) | 14.5 (1.8 to 114) | 0.001 | 30 (11) | 5 (33) | 3.6 (1.1 to 12) | 0.04 |
↵* Excludes individuals on warfarin.