Table 2

Video-EEG studies of ictal features of PNES

StudyNo of patients (events)
PNESES
Abubakr et al1623 patients–
Azar et al1716 patients (24 events)

  • 15 patients with GTCS (23 seizures)

  • 9 patients with FLPS (21 seizures)

Bazil and Walczak18280 events622 CPS, 149 FLPS
Bell et al1913 patients (24 events)

  • 31 patients with CPS (102 seizures)

  • 5 patients with SPS (13 seizures)

Benbadis et al2018 patients (68 events)39 patients (220 seizures)
Brown et al2123 patients25 patients
Chen et al2216 patients (16 events)27 patients with simple and secondarily generalised partial seizures PS (27 events)
Chung et al2352 patients156 patients
DeToledo and Ramsay24197 events457 seizures
Devinsky et al2520 patients with PNES only, 20 patients with PNES and ES20 patients
Flugel et al26100 patients (100 events)–
Gates et al2725 patients with convulsive PNES25 patients with GTCS
Geyer et al28100 patients

  • 100 patients with TLS

  • 50 patients with FLPS

  • 11 patients with generalised seizures

Groppel et al427 patients–
Gulick et al2927 (71 events)–
Henry and Drury3044 patients133 patients with complex partial or secondarily generalised seizures
Hovorka et al3156 patients/
Jedrzejczak et al3230 patients with PNES, 25 patients with both PNES and ES (221 PNES events, 9 ES events)15 patients (74 seizures)
Leis et al147 patients–
Luther et al3330 patients (37 events)–
Meierkord et al34110 patients–
Oliva et al3518 patients (50 events)66 patients with primary and secondarily generalised seizures (129 seizures)
Orbach et al3627 patients (128 events)–
Oto et al3160 patients–
Pierelli et al3715 patients (87 events)

  • 10 patients with complex partial ES (144 seizures)

  • 2 patients with SPS (25 seizures)

Raymond et al3814 patients with both PNES and ES (>40 PNES events)–
Saygi et al3912 patients (29 events with motor involvement)11 patients with FLPS (63 seizures)
Sen et al4017 with PNES, 8 with both PNES and GTCS (31 PNES events in all)19 patients with GTCS (44 seizures)
Silva et al4117 patients (41 events)–
Slater et al4231 events41 seizures
Syed et al4343 patients84 patients
Thacker et al44103 patients–
Vinton et al4515 patients with convulsive PNES (32 events)15 patients with GTCS
Walczak and Bogolioubov46

  • 31 patients with PNES (93 events)

  • 5 patients with both PNES and ES (nine PNES events, 20 ES)

48 patients (261 seizures)

  • CPS, complex partial seizures; FLPS, frontal-lobe partial seizures; GTCS, generalised tonic clonic seizures; SMS, supplementary motor partial seizures; TLS, temporal-lobe partial seizures.