Study | Study design | Sample, diagnoses, inclusion criteria | Control group | Intervention, duration | Measurements | Results | Quality assessment rating* |
Johansson et al32 | Prospective RCT; assessment points: before and after treatment |
| Yes (waiting list) | CBT and VR (individualised): education about dizziness, function of balance, fight and flight response; exercises; exposure; applied relaxation; associations between thoughts, moods, behaviours; duration: 7 weeks (5 sessions, 1 phone call) | Questionnaires: DHI, VSS, BDI, STAI-t; measures: walking time; balance | After treatment: TG: better performance (walking, head noddings); greater improvement concerning the DHI than CG | 24 (52.2%) |
Andersson et al33 | Prospective RCT; assessment points: before and after treatment |
| Yes (waiting list) | CBT and VR (individualised): (see Johansson32); duration: 6 weeks | Questionnaires: DHI, VSS, CEA, STAI-t, BDI, PSS; behavioural measures: time for exercises; rating of dizziness after each exercise; Romberg test; diary registrations: dizziness and imbalance |
| 24 (52.2%) |
Holmberg et al17 34 |
|
|
|
| Questionnaires: DHI, VSS, VHQ, HADS; |
| 27 (58.7%) |
The proportion (in per cent) is reported.
↵* The quality assessment rating score (Moncrieff and colleagues40) could range between 0 (very poor study quality) and 46 (excellent study quality).
BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CBT, cognitive–behavioural therapy; CEA, Confidence in Everyday Activities questionnaire; CG, control group; DHI, Dizziness Handicap Inventory; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PPV, phobic postural vertigo; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; RCT, randomised controlled trial; STAI(-t), State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (trait form); TG, treatment group; VHQ, Vertigo Handicap Questionnaire; VR, vestibular rehabilitation; VSS, Vertigo Symptom Scale.