Table 1

Results of the neuropsychological tests

Cognitive and behavioural domains	Tests		Patients						Normative data
Cognitive and behavioural domains	Tests		1	2	3	4	5	6	Normative data
General intelligence	MMSE (/30)		25	27	27	16^*	24	22^*	≥24
	WAIS-R7	VIQ	68^*	78^*	88	65^*	81^*	89	≥85
	WAIS-R7	PIQ	85	106	93	66^*	91	91	≥85
Episodic memory	WMS-R8	Verbal memory index	<50^*	64^*	61^*	<50^*	50^*	64^*	≥85
		Visual memory index	72^*	93	118	68^*	114	100	≥85
		Attention/concentration index	66^*	84^*	94	55^*	77^*	97	≥85
		Delayed recall index	<50^*	<50^*	69^*	<50^*	71^*	83^*	≥85
	Retrograde amnesia		(−)	(−)	(−)	(−)	(−)	(−)
Language/semantic knowledge	WAB9	AQ	69.2^*	90.8^*	86.4^*	71^*	83.6^*	87.6^*	97.7±3.0
		Spontaneous speech (/20)	13^*	17^*	17^*	12^*	16^*	16^*	19.7±0.6
		Auditory comprehension (/10)	7.2^*	9.8	7.7^*	7.2^*	9^*	9.5^*	9.8±0.1
		Repetition (/10)	8.9^*	9.6	9.9	9.2	9.9	10	9.9±0.3
		Naming (/10)	5.5^*	9	8.6^*	7.1^*	6.9^*	8.3^*	9.5±0.6
		Reading (/10)	6.7^*	10	8.9	4.1^*	7.2^*	7.7^*	9.5±0.8
		Writing (/10)	6.4^*	9.7	9.9	4^*	9.1	8.9	9.6±1.0
	Animal fluency (/min)		4^*	10	9	4^*	4^*	12	11.8±4.4
	Initial fluency (/min)		0^*	3^*	1^*	1^*	2^*	7	6.8±3
	Picture Naming (/100)10		74^*	97	84	66	86	89	98.2±2.3
	WAIS-R7	Information SS	6^*	6^*	10	5^*	6^*	8	≥7
		Vocabulary SS	5^*	7	7	5^*	6^*	9	≥7
		Comprehension SS	2^*	7	5^*	2^*	7	5^*	≥7
		Similarities SS	4^*	5^*	8	4^*	8	6^*	≥7
Perceptual organisation/construction	WAIS-R7	Picture completion SS	8	11	9	5^*	8	9	≥7
Perceptual organisation/construction	WAIS-R7	Block design SS	5^*	13	9	4^*	12	11	≥7
Concept formation	RCPM (/36)12		25	30	23	14^*	32	26	26.9±5.4
Concept formation	Weigl's colour-form sorting13		✓	✗	✓	✗	✓	✓
Psychomotor speed	WAIS-R Digit symbol SS7		6^*	8	9	4^*	7	8	≥7
Executive/motor control	Fist-edge-palm14		✗	✗	✗	✓	✗	✓
	2-1 tapping14		✗	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
	Alternative pattern drawing14		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Behaviour	Apathy		(++)	(+)	(+)	(++)	(+)	(+)

↵* Score below –1 SD of the normative data.8–12
✓, passed; ✗, failed.
AQ, aphasia quotient; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; PIQ, performance intelligence quotient; RCPM, Raven's coloured progressive matrices; SS, scaled score; VIQ, verbal intelligence quotient; WAB, Western Aphasia Battery; WAIS-R, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised; WMS-R, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised.