Participant details, sleep and mood results
| PD total group | PD+ICB | PD–ICB | Healthy controls | Statistic (p value) | |
| N | 92 | 30 | 62 | 48 | |
| M:F | 70:22 | 24:6 | 46:16 | 39:9 | χ2=0.88, df=2, (p=0.6) |
| Age | 64.4±9.9 | 58.9±8.5* † | 66.4±9.7* ‡ | 57.9±10.6†‡ | ANOVA F (2,134)=11.6, (p<0.0005) *0.003 †=1.0 ‡<0.0005 |
| Age PD onset | 52.3±12.7 | 46.2±10.1* | 55.8±12.0* | NA | *t=3.6, df=66 (p=0.001) |
| Duration of PD (years) | 10.5±6.7 | 11.5±5.9* | 9.5±7.0* | NA | *t=1.2, df=67 (p=0.2) |
| H+Y on medications median (IQR) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2.1–3)* | 2 (2–3)* | NA | *MWU=67, *(p=0.04) |
| Current l-dopa dose/day (mg) | 597±443 | 701±508* | 543±399* | NA | *t=−1.4, df=73 (p=0.16) |
| Current DA LEU dose/day (mg) median (IQR) | 90 (0–262) | 201 (0–284)* | 0 (0–201)* | NA | *MWU=555, (p=0.12) |
| Combined l-dopa+DA LEU/day (mg) | 764±548 | 981±651* | 645±443* | NA | *t=−2.5, df=75 (p=0.018) |
| REM sleep behaviour disorder diagnosed | 19/55 (34.5%) | 7/18* (38.9%) | 12/37* (32.4%) | Not included | *χ2=0.03, df=1 (p=0.9) |
| HADS anxiety score | 15.0±3.6 | 16.9±3.9*† | 14.3±3.2*‡ | 13.9±3.9†‡ | ANOVA F (2128)=6.9 (p=0.001) *=0.005 †=0.002 ‡=1.0 |
| HADS depression score | 13.2±3.1 | 14.5±3.5*† | 12.8±2.7*‡ | 9.9±2.9†‡ | ANOVA F (2,129) =23.7 (p<0.0005) *=<0.053 †<0.0005 ‡<0.0005 |
| Mania symptom score median (IQR) | 3 (1–7) | 6 (3–8)* †¥ | 3 (1–6) *‡¥ | 2 (0–5) †‡ | Kruskall–Wallis χ2=13, df=2 (p=0.002) *MWU (p=0.002) †MWU (p=0.001) ‡MWU (p=0.6) |
Means are compared with t tests, except where indicated. All values are mean±SD except where indicated. Post-hoc multiple comparisons within a variable using ANOVA were corrected by the Bonferroni method.
df, degrees of freedom; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; ICB, impulsive-compulsive behaviour; MWU, Mann–Whitney U test; PD, Parkinson's disease; .