Table 1

Neuroanatomical group studies of tinnitus and hyperacusis

StudySubjectsMethodsModalityAnatomical associationActivityGrey matter
Shulman et al 199541

  • 2 TI

  • 5 Controls

Resting stateSPECTBilateral hippocampi, amygdala, PFCDecreased
Arnold et al 199611

  • 11 TI

  • 12 Controls

Resting statePETPrimary ACIncreased
Lockwood et al 199810

  • 4 TI

  • 2 TI

  • Facial movement

  • Movement inc TI

PET

  • L primary /non-primary AC

  • L MGN

  • Decreased

  • Increased

Mirz et al 199927

  • 12 TI

  • 10 TI

  • Noise masking

  • Lignocaine

PET

  • Primary AC

  • R prefrontal/parietal

  • Increased

  • Decreased

Melcher et al 200012

  • 7 TI

  • 6 Controls

  • Noise masking;

  • Residual inhibition

fMRIR inferior colliculusDecreased contra to TI
Reyes et al 200228

  • 9 TI

  • 9 Controls

LignocainePET

  • R AC

  • ACC, thalamus

  • Decreased

  • Increased

Osaki et al 200529

  • 3 TI

  • 6 Controls

Residual inhibitionPETR anterior/middle temporal lobeIncreased
Mühlau et al 20069

  • 28 TI

  • 28 Controls

VBMvMRI

  • Subcallosal area

  • R MGN

–

  • Decreased

  • Increased

Plewnia et al 2007309 TILignocainePET

  • R temperoparietal junc

  • L mid/inf temporal lobe, L PCC

Increased
Smits et al 20077

  • 35 TI (Lat)

  • 10 Bilateral

Bilateral musicfMRI

  • IC, MGN, association AC

  • L AC

  • Decreased contra to TI

  • Decreased

Hwang et al 200918

  • 3 HA

  • 3 Controls

Bilateral noisefMRI

  • Bilateral PFC, OFC, PH,

  • parieto-occipital junction, L PCC, DL-PFC

Increased
Landgrebe et al 20098

  • 20 TI + 8 Lat

  • 28 Controls

VBMvMRI

  • R inferior colliculus,

  • L hippocampus

Decreased
Schlee et al 200935

  • 23 TI

  • 24 Controls

Resting stateMEG

  • R>L parieto-occiptal, bilat PFC,

  • R OFC

  • Increased (outflow)

  • Decreased (outflow)

Present study7 TIVBMvMRI

  • R STG/STS

  • Bilateral OFC

  • Increased

  • Decreased

7 HAL MGNDecreased

  • AC, auditory cortex; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; DL-PFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; fMRI, functional MRI; HA, hyperacusis; IC, inferior colliculus; L AC, left auditory cortex; Lat, unilateral; MEG, magnetoencephalography; MGN, medial geniculate nucleus; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; PET, positron emission tomography; PFC, prefrontal cortex; PH, parahippocampus; SPECT, single photon emission CT; STG/STS, superior temporal gyrus/sulcus; TI, tinnitus; VBM, voxel based morphometry; vMRI, volumetric MRI.