Table 1

Four studies reviewed that showed equivocal findings

Author(s) (year)DesignNo of patientsOutcome assessmentFindings
France (1999)17Prospective randomised71Visual assessment score
  • – No statistical difference in radiographic fusion

  • – No statistical difference in outcome measure

Bjarke Christensen (2002)18Prospective randomised129
  • Dallas Pain Questionnaire

  • Low-back pain rating scale

  • Assessment of work status

  • – No statistical difference in radiographic fusion

  • – No statistical difference in outcome measure

Moller (2000)19Prospective randomised111Visual assessment score
  • – No statistical difference in radiographic fusion

  • – No statistical difference in outcome measure

Thomsen (1997)20Prospective randomised130Dallas Pain Questionnaire
  • – No statistical difference in radiographic fusion

  • – No statistical difference in outcome measure