Relative risks (RR) of depressive symptoms associated with indicators of cerebral small-vessel and large-vessel disease and global brain atrophy
| Depressive symptoms | |
| RR (95% CI) | |
| Small-vessel disease | |
| Lacunar infarcts (n=133) | |
| Model I† | 1.09 (0.71 to 1.67) |
| Model II‡ | 0.86 (0.56 to 1.31) |
| Model III§ | 0.83 (0.53 to 1.29) |
| Total WML* | |
| Model I† | 1.07 (0.88 to 1.31) |
| Model II‡ | 1.07 (0.85 to 1.34) |
| Model III§ | 1.07 (0.85 to 1.35) |
| Large-vessel disease | |
| Cortical infarcts (n=82) | |
| Model I† | 1.22 (0.78 to 1.92) |
| Model II‡ | 0.99 (0.63 to 1.57) |
| Model III§ | 0.98 (0.57 to 1.68) |
| Large subcortical infarcts (n=7) | |
| Model I† | 3.48 (1.76 to 6.89) |
| Model II‡ | 2.56 (1.29 to 5.05) |
| Model III§ | 2.66 (1.28 to 5.54) |
| Brain atrophy* | |
| Model I† | 1.22 (0.97 to 1.53) |
| Model II‡ | 1.11 (0.85 to 1.44) |
| Model III§ | 1.10 (0.85 to 1.44) |
Presence of depressive symptoms is defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score of ≥6.
* Per SD increase (white-matter lesions, SD=0.44%; global brain atrophy, SD=2.77%).
† Adjusted for age, sex and education.
‡ Additionally adjusted for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and physical functioning.
§ Additionally adjusted for co-occurring infarcts and white-matter lesion volume.