Disability and dependence | Cuba n=222 | Dominican Republic n=169 | Peru (urban) n=93 | Peru (rural) n=15 | Venezuela n=119 | Mexico (urban) n=67 | Mexico (rural) n=65 | China (urban) n=108 | China (rural) n=16 | India (urban) n=19 | India (rural) n=11 |
Severe disability (>90th centile, WHODAS)–n (%) | 65 (29.3) | 48 (28.9) | 36 (40.0) | 7 (46.7) | 40 (35.4) | 20 (29.8) | 12 (18.5) | 50 (46.7) | 7 (46.7) | 11 (57.9) | 8 (72.7) |
mv | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
15 days or more lost to disability–n (%)mv | 82 (34.0) 6 | 62 (36.7) 0 | 28 (40.0) 23 | 7 (46.7) 0 | 26 (25.2) 16 | 19 (29.2) 2 | 11 (16.9) 0 | 45 (42.1) 1 | 6 (37.5) 0 | 8 (47.1) 2 | 8 (80.0) 1 |
Severe difficulty or cannot stand–n (%) | 64 (28.8) | 69 (40.8) | 34 (37.8) | 2 (13.3) | 27 (23.1) | 16 (23.9) | 18 (27.7) | 38 (35.2) | 7 (46.7) | 6 (31.6) | 7 (63.6) |
mv | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Severe difficulty or cannot walk 1 km–n (%) | 95 (42.8) | 82 (48.5) | 37 (40.7) | 3 (20.0) | 34 (29.1) | 22 (32.8) | 15 (23.1) | 49 (45.4) | 6 (40.0) | 8 (42.1) | 7 (63.6) |
mv | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Incontinence—n (%) | 43 (19.4) | 33 (19.5) | 26 (28.0) | 1 (6.7) | 15 (12.6) | 5 (7.5) | 5 (7.7) | 35 (32.4) | 3 (18.8) | 6 (31.6) | 5 (45.5) |
mv | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Needs care some or most of the time–n (%) | 62 (31.0) | 55 (32.5) | 36 (38.7) | 3 (20.0) | 36 (30.2) | 20 (29.9) | 16 (24.6) | 58 (53.7) | 7 (43.7) | 4 (21.1) | 8 (72.7) |
mv | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Carer characteristics | Cuba n=58 | Dominican Republic n=53 | Peru (urban) n=35 | Peru (rural) n=3 | Venezuela n=35 | Mexico (urban) n=18 | Mexico (rural) n=14 | China (urban) n=53 | China (rural) n=7 | India (urban) n=2 | India (rural) n=8 |
Relationship to participant | |||||||||||
Spouse | 13 (22.4) | 14 (26.4) | 9 (25.7) | 1 (33.3) | 3 (8.8) | 1 (11.1) | 4 (28.6) | 25 (47.2) | 2 (28.6) | 0 | 3 (37.5) |
Children/ children in law | 32 (55.2) | 25 (47.2) | 13 (37.1) | 1 (33.3) | 22 (64.7) | 2 (83.3) | 10 (71.4) | 24 (45.3) | 5 (71.4) | 1 (50) | 5 (62.5) |
Other relatives | 9 (15.5) | 8 (15.1) | 8 (22.9) | 1 (33.3) | 7 (20.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (50) | 0 |
Others | 4 (6.9) | 6 (11.3) | 5 (14.3) | 0 | 2 (5.9) | 4 (5.6) | 0 | 4 (7.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
mv | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gave up or cut back work | 18 (31.0) | 12 (22.6) | 9 (25.7) | 0 | 7 (20.0) | 5 (27.8) | 8 (57.1) | 4 (7.6) | 5 (71.4) | 1 (50.0) | 7 (87.5) |
mv | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Zarit total score-mean (SD) | 28.2(15.8) | 23.8(15.9) | 22.9 (16.8) | 5.3 (2.1) | 23.7 (19.2) | 21.9 (15.0) | 22.6 (12.5) | 24.9 (20.2) | 21.1 (17.9) | 29.5 (2.1) | 23.6 (4.7) |
mv | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |