Table 3

Laboratory characteristics of the patients

Clinic phenotype at the last evaluationSex/age at onset (years)CASS totalQSART patternTST % anhidrosisNE supine/uprightLevodopa responseMRI
MSA-PF/7710Widespread99NAYesAtrophy of pons and cerebellum
MSA-PM/637DistalNA415/410NoCerebellum and brainstem atrophy
MSA-PF/616Normal0NANANA
MSA-PF/5810Widespread51162/205NACerebellar atrophy
MSA-PM/494DistalNANANoMild cerebellar atrophy
MSA-PM/429Widespread97NANoHot cross bun sign in the pons; cerebellar atrophy
MSA-PF/579Widespread99NANoNA
MSA-PF/617Normal39NANoNormal
MSA-PM/529WidespreadNA150/201NANA
MSA-PM/?8Length dependentNANANoNA
MSA-PF/527Focal62NANoNA
MSA-PM/578Distal93373/408NAHyperdensity of caudate and mild atrophy of cortex and cerebellum
MSA-PM/458Normal9970/97NANA
MSA-PM/523Normal9126.5/208.3NAEarly penguin sign, relative atrophy of the midbrain compared with the pons
MSA-PF/728Patchy1154/214.2NoNA
MSA-PF/576Patchy97337.4/519.8YesNormal
MSA-PM/626Normal42NANANA
MSA-PM/?6Patchy91NANANA
MSA-PM/635Widespread67NANoNormal
MSA-PF/449Widespread36NANANA
MSA-CM/626NormalNANANoCerebral and cerebellar atrophy
MSA-CM/629Length dependentNANANAMild cerebral atrophy and cerebellar atrophy
MSA-CF/5110Widespread92143/153NACerebellar and pontine atrophy
MSA-CM/486Widespread35105/171NANormal
MSA-CM/5310Length dependent99NANANA
MSA-CF/518Patchy13NANAMarked atrophy of the cerebellum and some pontine atrophy
MSA-CF/6010Widespread98NANACerebellopontine atrophy + hot cross bun sign
MSA-CM/?0NormalNANANA
PAFM/454Normal60NANANA
  • CASS, Composite Autonomic Severity Score; MSA-C, multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar involvement; MSA-P, multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism; NA, not applicable (referred to investigation not performed or findings not available); NE, norepinephrine; PAF, pure autonomic failure; QSART, Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test; TST%, Thermoregulatory Sweat Test.