Table 1

Rates of primary visual hallucinations reported in parkinsonian syndromes (not due to delirium)

Reference	Referral source	VH rate (%) (mean disease duration, years)
Reference	Referral source	DLB	PD	PSP	MSA	CBD	VP
Klatka56	Brain bank series	60.7 (9.5) n=28
Aarsland8	Community		16 (9.1) n=253
Fenelon6	Specialist clinic		40 (9.5) n=216
Hely11	Longitudinal cohort		50 (15) n=52
Hely10	Longitudinal cohort		74 (20) n=30
Holroyd19	Specialist clinic		26 (9.7) n=102
Sanchez-Ramos7	Specialist clinic		26 (6.9) n=214
Aarsland57	Specialist clinic		25 (2.8) n=103	3 (4.2) n=61
Williams20	Specialist clinic		75 (10) n=115	5 (4.8) n=22	0 (6.7) n=9		20 (6.6) n=5
Williams9	Brain bank series	73 (4.6)^† n=44	50 (11.9)^† n=445	7 (4.5)^† n=120	9 (6.9)^† n=86	0 (6.8) n=9	4 (10.5)^† n=25
Stefanova18	European MSA registry				6 n= 437
Papapetropoulos58	Specialist clinic		57 (13.1) n=21		10 (8.5) n=21
Cooper59	Specialist clinic			5 n=10		0 n=11
Papapetropoulos60	Brain bank series			9 n =22
Diederich61	Specialist clinic			13 n=30		21 n=14^*
Litvan62	Specialist clinic			0 (4.3) n=34		0 (3.8) n=15

↵* Diagnosis possible, probable or suspected.
↵† Latency to onset of hallucinations reported (years).
CBD, corticobasal degeneration; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; MSA, multiple system atrophy; PD, Parkinson's disease; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; VH, visual hallucinations; VP, vascular parkinsonism.