Executive dysfunction | NECI | No abnormality detected | |||||
Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | p value | |
Age at symptom onset | 65.2 (9.3) | 34 | 61.5 (5.8) | 23 | 59.3 (10.0) | 75 | 0.011 |
ALSFRS-R at baseline | 36.2 (6.5) | 34 | 37.9 (6.8) | 23 | 38.9 (6.9) | 75 | 0.253 |
Oxygen levels at time of assessment | 96.7 (1.7) | 33 | 97.3 (1.3) | 23 | 97.1 (1.5) | 70 | 0.335 |
Carbon dioxide levels at time of assessment | 5.4 (0.8) | 33 | 5.4 (0.9) | 23 | 5.1 (0.8) | 70 | 0.161 |
Education (years) | 10.9 (3.0) | 34 | 10.3 (3.4) | 23 | 13.4 (3.0) | 75 | <0.0001 |
Premorbid full scale IQ | 91.9 (12.5) | 27 | 92.3 (12.7) | 16 | 106.2 (8.0) | 57 | <0.0001 |
Males | 58.8% (–) | 34 | 78.3% (–) | 23 | 56.0% (–) | 75 | 0.138 |
Bulbar onset | 32.4% (–) | 34 | 30.4% (–) | 23 | 36.0% (–) | 75 | 0.885 |
Median disease duration | 14.0 (–) | 34 | 17.0 (–) | 23 | 14.0 (–) | 75 | 0.406 |
Median disease progression | 0.7 (–) | 34 | 0.5 (–) | 23 | 0.5 (–) | 75 | 0.013 |
Disease duration, time from symptom onset to assessment; disease progression, estimated using decline in ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) score since symptom onset (48-ALSFRS-R/disease duration).
ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; NECI, non-executive cognitive impairment.