Mean scores (and standard deviations) | Abnormal performance | n | ||||||
ALS | HC | p Value | ALS | HC | p Value | ALS | HC | |
Phonemic verbal fluency* | 19.0 (27.3) | 8.3 (4.8) | <0.0001 | 34.7% | 4.1% | <0.0001 | 124 | 98 |
Category fluency | 17.6 (8.2) | 20.9 (4.7) | <0.0001 | 20.8% | 1.0% | <0.0001 | 106 | 96 |
Stroop colour word task* | 34.2 (23.7) | 19.0 (17.6) | <0.0001 | 24.8% | 3.8% | <0.0001 | 101 | 105 |
Backward digit span task | 11.0 (3.9) | 11.6 (2.8) | 0.247 | 13.9% | 1.9% | 0.003 | 101 | 108 |
Brixton spatial anticipation test | 5.4 (2.1) | 5.4 (1.9) | 0.857 | 4.9% | 4.9% | 1.000 | 122 | 103 |
↵* Higher scores in these tasks indicate worse performance.
ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; n, number of participants.