Table 1

Summary of retinal abnormalities possibly related to Alzheimer's disease

Part of the retinaRetinal abnormalities possibly related to Alzheimer's disease
Macula (fovea)Drusen, extracellular deposits containing amyloid-associated proteins, tau and amyloid precursor proteins
Optic nerveLoss of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness with depletion of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve axons
Optic disc pallor
Optic disc cupping
Neuro-retinal rim thinning
Retinal microvasculatureRetinopathy signs
Retinal vascular calibre