Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of the cases and controls
| Controls | Cases | OR (95%CI) | p Value | |
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Demographic | ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 191 (63.7) | 34 (22.7) | 1 | |
| Male | 109 (36.3) | 116 (77.3) | 6.74 (3.98 to 11.42) | <0.001 |
| Civil status | ||||
| No partner | 106 (35.7) | 36 (24) | 1 | |
| Married/partner | 191 (64.3) | 114 (76) | 1.81 (1.14 to 2.88) | 0.01 |
| Currently employed | ||||
| No | 148 (49.3) | 49 (32.7) | 1 | |
| Yes | 152 (50.7) | 101 (67.3) | 2.37 (1.49 to 3.77) | <0.001 |
| Life-style habits | ||||
| Coffee | ||||
| No | 61 (20.3) | 28 (18.7) | 1 | |
| 1–2 cups/day | 195 (65) | 84 (56) | 0.91 (0.53 to 1.56) | 0.74 |
| >2 cups/day | 44 (14.7) | 38 (25.3) | 2.04 (1.05 to 3.96) | 0.03 |
| Tea | ||||
| No | 200 (66.9) | 119 (79.3) | 1 | |
| 1–2 cups/day | 89 (29.8) | 29 (19.3) | 0.51 (0.31 to 0.84) | 0.009 |
| >2 cups/day | 10 (3.3) | 2 (1.3) | 0.26 (0.05 to 1.28) | 0.10 |
| Consumption of energy drinks | ||||
| No | 178 (59.5) | 58 (38.7) | 1 | |
| 1–2 units/day | 111 (37.1) | 71 (47.3) | 1.80 (1.20 to 2.72) | 0.005 |
| >2 units/day | 10 (3.3) | 21 (14) | 6.68 (2.76 to 16.19) | <0.001 |
| Tobacco | ||||
| Never smoked | 116 (39.3) | 25 (16.7) | 1 | |
| Ex-smoker | 79 (26.8) | 50 (33.3) | 2.86 (1.60 to 5.10) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 100 (33.9) | 75 (50) | 3.36 (1.95 to 5.78) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol quantity | ||||
| 0 g/day | 95 (33.93) | 33 (22.76) | 1 | |
| 0.1–3.4 g/day | 45 (16.07) | 14 (9.66) | 0.7 (0.37 to 1.67) | 0.53 |
| 3.5–14.4 g/day | 70 (25) | 30 (20.69) | 1.2 (0.69 to 2.20) | 0.47 |
| >14 g/day | 70 (25) | 68 (46.90) | 2.4 (1.46 to 4.01) | <0.001 |
| Vascular risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| No | 260 (88.7) | 126 (84.6) | 1 | |
| Yes | 33 (11.3) | 23 (15.4) | 1.46 (0.81 to 2.65) | 0.20 |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 205 (68.8) | 74 (50.7) | 1 | |
| Yes | 93 (31.2) | 72 (49.3) | 2.18 (1.43 to 3.32) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | ||||
| No | 178 (59.7) | 71 (48) | 1 | |
| Yes | 120 (40.3) | 77 (52) | 1.70 (1.10 to 2.63) | 0.02 |
| Angina | ||||
| No | 285 (95) | 134 (89.3) | 1 | |
| Yes | 15 (5) | 16 (10.7) | 2.28 (1.08 to 4.76) | 0.03 |
| Arrhythmias | ||||
| No | 274 (92.3) | 132 (89.2) | 1 | |
| Yes | 23 (7.7) | 16 (10.8) | 1.43 (0.71 to 2.86) | 0.31 |
| Epworth | ||||
| 0–9 | 285 (95) | 130 (86.7) | 1 | |
| >9 | 15 (5) | 20 (13.3) | 2.35 (1.01 to 5.47) | 0.05 |
| Stress scales | ||||
| ERCTA scale | ||||
| ≤24 | 223 (74.3) | 89 (59.3) | 1 | |
| >24 | 77 (25.7) | 61 (40.7) | 2.05 (11.33 to 3.15) | 0.001 |
| GHQ28 | ||||
| <8 | 237 (79) | 112 (74.7) | 1 | |
| ≥8 | 63 (21) | 38 (25.3) | 1.28 (0.80 to 2.04) | 0.30 |
| H&R | ||||
| <150 | 250 (83.3) | 88 (58.7) | 1 | |
| 150–300 | 41 (13.7) | 46 (30.7) | 3.73 (2.17 to 6.42) | <0.001 |
| >300 | 9 (3) | 16 (10.7) | 5.35 (2.25 to 12.7) | <0.001 |
| SF12 physical | ||||
| ≤50 | 103 (34.4) | 76 (50.7) | 1 | |
| >50 | 196 (65.6) | 74 (49.3) | 0.52 (0.35 to 0.77) | 0.002 |
| SF12 mental | ||||
| ≤50 | 126 (42.1) | 78 (52) | 1 | |
| >50 | 173 (57.9) | 72 (48) | 0.65 (0.43 to 0.98) | 0.04 |
ERCTA, Recall Scale of Type A Behaviour; GHQ, general health questionnaire; H&R, Holmes and Rahe.