Measures of executive and language functioning: raw scores, SDs and number (and percentage) of patients with ALS impaired on each test
| Raw score mean (SD)* | No of ALS patients impaired (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test | ALS | Controls | F (df) | p Value | |
| D-KEFS (sorting score) | 1.39 (1.46) | 0.60 (1.03) | 5.47 (1,82) | 0.028 | 13/49 (26.5) |
| D-KEFS (description score) | 39.91 (22.25) | 36.03 (15.05) | 0.60 (1,82) | 0.441 | 3/49 (6) |
| Hayling (latency) | 24.98 (22.43) | 22.97 (21.15) | 0.24 (1,84) | 0.878 | 6 (11.5) |
| Brixton (errors) | 15.67 (4.67) | 13.89 (3.36) | 3.74 (1,84) | 0.042 | 13 (25) |
| Phonemic VFI | 8.99 (3.92) | 7.24 (3.03) | 3.54 (1,84) | 0.043 | 13 (25) |
| Semantic VFI | 2.11 (0.99) | 1.71 (0.95) | 1.47 (1,84) | 0.228 | 5 (9.5) |
| BNT (errors) | 4.05 (4.01) | 2.37 (1.93) | 1.37 (1,84) | 0.024 | 13 (25) |
| TROG (blocks failed) | 1.98 (1.64) | 0.91 (0.81) | 5.79 (1,84) | 0.018 | 18 (35) |
| PPT (errors) | 1.45 (1.61) | 0.74 (1.22) | 1.98 (1,84) | 0.162 | 7 (13.5) |
| KDT (errors) | 2.66 (2.27) | 0.74 (1.38) | 13.45 (1,84) | <0.001 | 9 (17) |
| Synonym Judgement (errors) | 3.78 (4.32) | 2.00 (2.07) | 5.53 (1,84) | 0.021 | 10 (19) |
| Verb–Noun (errors) | 1.06 (1.70) | 0.72 (1.14) | 1.18 (1,62) | 0.295 | 5/44 (11.5) |
| BPVS (errors) | 11.50 (7.24) | 5.77 (2.79) | 12.09 (1,84) | <0.001 | 25 (49) |
| CSNT (errors) | 21.80 (14.73) | 16.60 (7.10) | 1.13 (1,84) | 0.029 | 12 (23) |
| Cookie Theft Picture (Complexity Index) | 1.88 (0.31) | 1.79 (0.37) | 0.94 (1,78) | 0.759 | 2/46 (4) |
| STW (errors) | 7.70 (4.50) | 5.06 (3.16) | 4.74 (1.84) | 0.032 | 12 (23) |
| GDST (errors) | 5.58 (3.29) | 3.57 (2.72) | 6.32 (1,84) | 0.014 | 8 (15.5) |
ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; BNT, Boston Naming Test; BPVS, British Picture Vocabulary Scale; CSNT, Category-Specific Names Test; D-KEFS, Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System; GDST, Graded Difficulty Spelling Test; KDT, Kissing and Dancing Test; PPT, Pyramids and Palm Trees Test; VFI, Verbal Fluency Index; TROG, Test for the Reception of Grammar; STW, Spot the Word Test.
*Higher scores reflect greater impairment. In instances where not all participants were able to complete the measure, the number completing the test is reported.