Table 4

Psychological assessments at 5–7 years and Glasgow Outcome Score-Extended categories at 12–14 years after injury

Psychological factors at 5–7 yearsOutcome at 12–14 years
DeadDisabledGood recovery
Anxiety13.1 (5.2); 1111.8 (4.6); 278.3 (4.6); 28
Depression10.7 (5.0); 117.5 (3.7); 274.1 (3.3); 28
Perceived stress33.6 (7.4); 1029.5 (9.4); 3124.6 (9.6); 29
Self-esteem5.0 (2.8); 114.5 (2.9); 312.3 (2.4); 28
LoC internal23.7 (5.8); 1126.2 (6.5); 3024.6 (5.9); 28
LoC chance21.0 (7.2); 1021.6 (5.5); 3016.6 (6.00); 28
LoC powerful others20.9 (6.7); 1020.3 (7.3); 3016.4 (5.6); 28
Cognition* 9.5 (4.1); 78.6 (3.5); 2310.9 (2.1); 27
  • Values are mean (SD) and N.

  • * Composite score, see Whitnall et al for details.

  • LoC, locus of control.