Clinical and demographic characteristics
| YHC | OHC | EPD | MPD | PDD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 24 | 15 | 24 | 18 | 15 |
| Gender (M/F) | 17/7 | 6/9 | 16/8 | 12/6 | 5/10 |
| Age (years) | 57.6±8.9 | 71.8±8.0 | 56.5±9.0 | 69.6±6.3 | 73.2±7.6 |
| Side onset L/R/B | 0 | 0 | 10/12/2 | 7/9/2 | 5/6/4 |
| UPDRS-III | 0 | 0 | 15.0±3.7 | 32.9±16.9 | 35.5±8.8 |
| H&Y | 0 | 0 | 1.8±0.6 | 2.9±0.8* | 3.9±0.8* |
| LEDD | 0 | 0 | 327±365 | 1016±409 | 735±290 |
| Disease duration (years) | 0 | 0 | 3.2±1.9 | 10.7±4.9 | 11.0±7.7 |
| MMSE | 29.8±0.4 | 29.1±1.1 | 29.3±1.8 | 27.7±1.8 | 18.3±3.8** |
| VH | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 8 |
| BDI-II | 4.5±5.1 | 6.2±6.9 | 6.75±4.8 | 8.9±6.1 | 9.3±4.6 |
*Indicates significant difference between MPD and PDD (F=12, p<0.001).
**Indicates significant difference between MPD/PDD and OHC (p<0.0001).
Values are mean±SD.
B, both; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; EPD, early Parkinson's disease; H&Y, Hoehn and Yahr staging; L, left; LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dose; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MPD, moderate Parkinson's disease; OHC, old healthy control; PDD, Parkinson's disease with dementia; R, right; UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (motor section); VH, visual hallucination; YHC, young healthy control.