Summary characteristics of included studies
| Reference | Country | Study design | Sample Size | % Women | Age (Mean) | Scale | Reference standard | Setting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any depression | ||||||||
| Aben et al37 | Netherlands | Cross-sectional | 171 | 45.5 | 68 | BDI HADS-D HDRS | SCID (DSM-IV) | Acute |
| Agrell and Dehlin38 | Sweden | Cross-sectional | 40 | 55 | 80 | CES-D GDS HDRS Zung | Semi-structured clinician interview (DSM-III-R) | Post-acute |
| Johnson et al39 | Australia | Cross-sectional | 204 | Not reported | 71 | GDS GHQ-28 HADS-D | SCID (DSM-III) | Acute |
| Kang et al59 | South Korea | Prospective cohort study | 423 | 42 | 65 | BDI HADS-D HDRS MADRS | MINI (DSM-IV) | Acute and Post-acute |
| Laska et al40 | Sweden | Cross-sectional | 89 | 44.9 | 74 | MADRS | Semi-structured clinician interview (DSM-IV) | Acute |
| Lightbody et al41 | UK | Cross-sectional | 28 | Not reported | 72 | MADRS | Semi-structured clinician interview (ICD-10) | Acute |
| Parikh et al42 | US | Cross-sectional | 180 | 22.2 | 58 | CES-D | PSE (DSM-III) | Acute |
| Quaranta et al43 | Italy | Cross-sectional | 143 | 43.4 | 62 | HDRS | Clinician interview (DSM-IV) | Post-acute |
| Roger et al44 | US | Cross-sectional | 67 | 52.2 | 71 | CES-D HDRS GDS-15 | SCID (DSM-IV) | Post-acute |
| Sagen et al45 | Norway | Cross-sectional | 104 | 62.5 | 65 | HADS-D MADRS | SCID (DSM-IV) | Acute |
| Shinar et al46 | Israel | Cross-sectional | 27 | 59.2 | 56 | CES-D | PSE (DSM-III) | Post-acute |
| Tang et al47 | China | Cross-sectional | 100 | 45 | 74 | HADS-D | SCID (DSM-III-R) | Acute |
| Tang et al48 | China | Cross-sectional | 127 | 59 | 76 | GDS-15 | SCID (DSM-IV) | Acute |
| Tang et al49 | China | Cross-sectional | 60 | 55 | 71 | GDS-15 HADS-D | SCID (DSM-IIIR) | Acute |
| Major depression | ||||||||
| Berg et al50 | Finland | Cross-sectional | 100 | 32 | 55 | BDI HDRS | Clinician Interview (DSM-III-R) | Acute |
| Healey et al51 | UK | Cross-sectional | 49 | 57.1 | 79 | BDI Fast Screen | SCID (DSM-IV) | Acute |
| Lee et al52 | Hong Kong | Cross-sectional | 253 | 37.2 | Not reported | GDS-15 | Semi-structured clinician interview (DSM-IV) | Acute |
| Lincoln et al53 | UK | Cross-sectional | 143 | 49 | 66 | BDI GHQ-28 | SCAN (DSM-IV) | Post-acute |
| Narding et al54 | Netherlands | Cross-sectional | 44 | 36.3 | 70 | HDRS | SCID (DSM-IV) | Acute |
| O'Rourke et al55 | UK | Cross-sectional | 105 | Not reported | 68 | HADS | SADS (DSM-IV) | Acute |
| Sivrioglu et al56 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 85 | 62.3 | 59 | GDS | Clinician interview (DSM-IV) | Post-acute |
| Turner et al60 | Australia | Cross-sectional | 72 | 47.2 | 67 | PHQ-2 PHQ-9 BDI HADS-D HADS-T | SCID (DSM-IV) | Post-acute |
| Van Ginkel et al57 | Netherlands | Cross-sectional | 164 | 40.9 | 71 | PHQ-2 PHQ-9 | CID (DSM-IV) | Acute |
| Williams et al58 | US | Cross-sectional | 296 | 74 | 59 | PHQ-2 PHQ-9 | SCID (DSM-IV) | Post-acute |
BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CES-D, Center of Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MADRS, Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale; MINI, mini international neuropsychiatric interview; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; PSE, present state examination; SADS, schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia; SCAN, schedule for clinical assessment in Neuropsychiatry; SCID, structured clinical interview for DSM disorders; Zung, Zung Depression Self Rating Depression Scale.