Demographic and disease characteristics of patients with psychogenic jerky movement disorder (PMD), Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and healthy controls
| Characteristics | Patients with PMD (n=26) | Patients with GTS (n=16) | Healthy controls (n=22) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male/female | 18/8 | 13/3 | 13/9 | 0.391 |
| Education level (Unesco ISCED; range 0–6*) | 4.2 (1.0) | 4.1 (1.0) | 3.8 (1.2) | 0.662 |
| Age (years) | 53.6 (13.8) | 33.4 (11.8) | 50.6 (13.0) | <0.0013 |
| Disease duration (years) | 7.0 (6.1) | 17.6 (14.24) | – | 0.0024 |
| Medication prescription, n (%) | 0.0132 | |||
| Psychoactive drugs | 8 (30.8) | 2 (12.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Other medication | 9 (34.6) | 3 (18.8) | 5 (22.7) | |
| None | 9 (34.6) | 11 (68.8) | 17 (77.3) |
Values are mean (SD) unless stated otherwise.
p=level of significance for 1χ2, 2Kruskal–Wallis, 3one-way analysis of variance and 4Mann–Whitney U test.
*United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation. International Standard Classification of Education. ISCED (1997; 2006).