Evidence summary on meta-analysis of depression scales for any depression
| Instrument | Total sample size (number of studies) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | Positive predictive value (95% CI)* | Negative predictive value (95% CI)* | Rule-in clinical utility** | Rule-out clinical utility** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BDI | 940 (4) | 0.86 (0.78 to 0.92) | 0.64 (0.40 to 0.83) | 0.54 (0.39 to 0.73) | 0.90 (0.79 to 0.95) | Poor | Fair |
| CES-D | 314 (4) | 0.75 (0.60 to 0.85) | 0.88 (0.71 to 0.95) | 0.75 (0.50 to 0.89) | 0.88 (0.78 to 0.93) | Fair | Good |
| HDRS† | 1019 (7) | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.90) | 0.83 (0.72 to 0.90) | 0.71 (0.57 to 0.82) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.95) | Fair | Good |
| HADS-D | 1296 (8) | 0.85 (0.78 to 0.91) | 0.69 (0.60 to 0.76) | 0.57 (0.49 to 0.65) | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.94) | Poor | Fair |
| HADS-T | 483 (4) | 0.72 (0.45 to 0.89) | 0.86 (0.69 to 0.94) | 0.72 (0.42 to 0.88) | 0.86 (0.72 to 0.95) | Fair | Good |
| GDS-15 | 507 (4) | 0.74 (0.55 to 0.87) | 0.80 (0.72 to 0.87) | 0.65 (0.49 to 0.77) | 0.86 (0.76 to 0.93) | Fair | Good |
| MADRS | 615 (4) | 0.85 (0.78 to 0.90) | 0.79 (0.70 to 0.86) | 0.67 (0.56 to 0.76) | 0.91 (0.87 to 0.93) | Fair | Good |
| PHQ-9 | 552 (3) | 0.86 (0.70 to 0.94) | 0.79 (0.60 to 0.90) | 0.67 (0.46 to 0.82) | 0.92 (0.80 to 0.97) | Fair | Good |
| PHQ-2 | 552 (3) | 0.79 (0.55 to 0.92) | 0.76 (0.62 to 0.85) | 0.62 (0.42 to 0.75) | 0.88 (0.74 to 0.96) | Poor | Good |
*Assumes depression prevalence of 33% based on an estimate from a systematic review on prevalence of any depression in stroke patients.7
**See www.clinicalutility.co.uk for more information.
†All scales are self report except the HDRS and the MADRS which are clinician administered scales.
BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CES-D, Center of Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MADRS, Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire.