Baseline sample characteristics of 2173 participants
| Variable | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Social isolation | |
| Living alone | 1005 (46.2) |
| Not/no longer married | 1100 (50.6) |
| Lack of social support | 1590 (73.2) |
| Feelings of loneliness | 433 (19.9) |
| Sex | |
| Men | 801 (36.9) |
| Women | 1372 (63.1) |
| Age | |
| 65–69 | 533 (24.5) |
| 70–74 | 574 (26.4) |
| 75–79 | 568 (26.1) |
| 80–86 | 498 (22.9) |
| Education | |
| >Primary school | 1370 (63.0) |
| Primary school or less | 803 (37.0) |
| CIND | 75 (3.5) |
| Depression | 233 (10.7) |
| Generalised anxiety disorder | 59 (2.7) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 195 (9.0) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 101 (4.6) |
| Diabetes | 163 (7.5) |
| Hypertension | 533 (24.5) |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 420 (19.3) |
| Respiratory disease | 321 (14.8) |
| Cancer | 233 (10.7) |
| Epilepsy | 29 (1.3) |
| Parkinson's disease | 21 (1.0) |
| Arthritis/arthrosis | 388 (17.3) |
| Alcohol misuse | 104 (4.8) |
| Smoking | 563 (25.9) |
| Traumatic brain injury | 190 (8.7) |
| MMSE | |
| 26–30 | 1956 (90.0) |
| 22–25 | 194 (8.9) |
| 0–21 | 23 (1.1) |
| ADL disability | 103 (4.7) |
| IADL disability | 393 (18.1) |
ADL, activities of daily living; CIND, cognitive impairment no dementia; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination.