Patient number | Sex, age | Clinical features* | MRI at presentation | Antibody titre at Ax1 (pmol/L) | Antibody type | Treatment | Symptom onset to Ax1/treatment (days) | Ax1 to Ax2 (days) | Antibody titre at Ax2 (pmol/L) | Verbal memory at Ax1 (z-score) | Verbal memory at Ax2 (z-score) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | M, 64 | M, C, D, P, Sz | N | 2859 | – | Pr, IVIg | 377/400 | 1342 | 0 | −1.69 | −1.79 |
2 | M, 59 | M, C, Co, Sz | N | 925 | – | Pr, PEX | 26/119 | 1175 | – | – | −2.01 |
3 | F, 68 | M, C, Sz | N | 3802 | – | Pr, IVIg | 190/188 | 1415 | 0 | −0.01 | – |
4 | M, 73 | M, C, Sz | Bilateral MTL swelling | 1166 | – | Pr, IVIg | 16/34 | 993 | 0 | −2.38 | −1.17 |
5 | M, 66 | M, C, Di, Sz | – | 5093 | LGI1 | Pr, IVIg | 109/– | 84 | 132 | −2.34 | −2.09 |
6 | M, 76 | M, C, P | – | 1071 | LGI1 | Pr, IVIg | 87/81 | 182 | 131 | −3.93 | −1.57 |
7 | M, 62 | M, C, Co, NMT, Sw, Sz | Bilateral MTL swelling | 3000 | LGI1 | Pr, IVIg, PEX | 111/137 | 357 | 0 | −2.87 | −1.25 |
8 | F, 75 | M, A, C, Sw | L HC high signal | 6000 | LGI1 | PEX | 281/408 | 691 | 237 | −1.53 | −0.90 |
9 | F, 65 | M, C, Co, D | – | 4791 | LGI1 | IVMP, Pr | 99/90 | 238 | – | −2.34 | −2.66 |
10 | F, 70 | M, C, Sz | L HC swelling | 801 | – | IVMP, Pr | 46/30 | 152 | – | −2.34 | −1.45 |
11 | F, 51 | M, C, H, P | N | 177† | – | Pr, IVIg | 343/314 | 91 | 137 | −1.69 | −0.10 |
12 | F, 71 | C, A, D, Sz | – | 769 | – | IVMP, PEX | 248/150‡ | 225 | 0 | −0.67 | −0.06 |
13 | F, 18 | M, H, Sz | – | 193† | – | IVMP | 103/– | 1082 | 0 | 0.09 | −0.20 |
14 | M, 58 | M, NMT | N | 1798 | CASPR2 | Pr, IVIg | 250/254 | 177 | 585 | −2.41 | −1.73 |
15 | M, 32 | M, C, Dy | L HC swelling | 604 | – | Pr | 107/128 | 259 | 0 | −0.71 | −0.87 |
16 | M, 47 | M, A, C, P | – | 336 | LGI1 | IVMP | 235/224 | 257 | 118 | −0.88 | −0.47 |
17 | M, 63 | M, H, C, P | – | 779 | LGI1 | Pr | 352/339 | 290 | 121 | −1.75 | −1.84 |
18 | M, 61 | M, C | – | 503 | LGI1 | Pr | 245/– | 170 | 146 | −1.94 | −0.55 |
19 | M, 63 | M, C, P | L HC swelling | 587 | LGI1 | Pr, IVIg | 73/78 | 140 | 113 | −2.30 | 1.32 |
*Symptoms documented in the medical notes by the physician assessing the patient at presentation.
†Cases 11 and 13 subsequently developed Ab titres of 661 and 606 pmol/L, respectively.
‡Immunotherapy was complicated by sepsis and was put on hold during the patient's recovery.
–, item not available, present or tested; A, agitation; Ax1, Assessment 1; Ax2, Assessment 2; C, confusion; CASPR2, Contactin-associated protein-like 2; Co, confabulation; D, delusions; Di, disinhibition; Dy, dysphasia; H, hallucinations; HC, hippocampus; IVIg, intravenous immunoglobulin; IVMP, intravenous methylprednisolone; L, left; LGI1, leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1; M, memory impairment; MTL, medial temporal lobes; N, normal; NMT, neuromyotonia; P, partial seizures; PEX, plasma exchange; Pr, prednisolone; Sw, sweating; Sz, seizures; VGKC-LE, Limbic encephalitis with antibodies to the voltage-gated potassium channel complex.