Demographic and clinical characteristics of the total sample
| PD-Dep | PD-NDep | Control | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 29 | 30 | 30 | – |
| Handedness for writing (R:L) | 29:0 | 30:0 | 30:0 | 1 |
| Gender (female:male) | 15:14 | 15:15 | 15:15 | 0.99 |
| Age (years) | 51.46±8.21 | 53.64±10.18 | 51.9±7.70 | 0.59 |
| Disease duration (years) | 1.98±1.64 | 2.12±1.30 | – | 0.72 |
| H & Y stage (I:II:III) | 9:17:3 | 10:18:2 | – | 0.88 |
| UPDRS score | ||||
| Part I—nM-EDL | 3.69±2.00 | 1.23±1.33 | – | <0.001* |
| Part II—M-EDL | 9.93±6.69 | 8.40±4.44 | – | 0.30 |
| Part III—motor examination | 28.34±16.9 | 26.83±12.44 | – | 0.70 |
| Part IV—motor complications | 0 | 0 | – | 1 |
| MMSE score | 27.41±2.49 | 27.00±2.76 | – | 0.52 |
| HDRS score | 18.31±6.41 | 4.43±2.73 | – | <0.001* |
*Indicates significant difference.
H & Y, Hoehn & Yahr staging; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; NMSS, Non-Motor Symptoms Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Exam; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; nM-EDL, Non-Motor Aspects of Experiences of Daily Living; M-EDL, Motor Aspects of Experiences of Daily Living; PD, Parkinson's disease.