Risk factor analysis of prospective symptomatic haemorrhage of cavernous malformations (CMs)
| Variables | Haemorrhage (n=53) | Non-haemorrhage (n=357) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | p Value | |||
| Female | 33 (62.3%) | 207 (58.0%) | 1.22 (0.70 to 2.13) | 0.486 | 1.25 (0.71 to 2.22) | 0.445 |
| Age, years | 52.4±12.8 | 54.2±15.2 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.990 | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 0.613 |
| Prior symptomatic haemorrhage | 35 (66.0%) | 81 (22.7%) | 6.29 (3.55 to 11.14) | <0.001 | 7.13 (3.88 to 13.10) | <0.001 |
| Location | ||||||
| Superficial | 26 (49.1%) | 264 (73.9%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Deep | 27 (50.9%) | 93 (26.1%) | 2.59 (1.51 to 4.44) | 0.001 | 1.57 (0.89 to 2.76) | 0.120 |
| MR appearance | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Type I | 26 (49.1%) | 86 (24.1%) | 6.10 (2.45 to 14.08) | <0.001 | 6.05 (2.47 to 14.82) | <0.001 |
| Type II | 20 (37.7%) | 124 (34.7%) | 3.26 (1.38 to 7.70) | 0.007 | 3.09 (1.24 to 7.72) | 0.016 |
| Type III | 7 (13.2%) | 147 (41.2%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Multiplicity | 14 (26.4%) | 119 (33.3%) | 0.62 (0.34 to 1.14) | 0.123 | 1.13 (0.59 to 2.17) | 0.711 |
| CM size (mm) | 14.5±5.7 | 13.2±7.5 | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.06) | 0.173 | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) | 0.599 |
| Venous angioma | 6 (11.3%) | 38 (10.6%) | 1.09 (0.47 to 2.55) | 0.840 | 1.62 (0.67 to 3.92) | 0.287 |
| Hypertension | 8 (15.1%) | 44 (12.3%) | 1.28 (0.60 to 2.71) | 0.522 | 1.48 (0.68 to 3.24) | 0.325 |
*p<0.05 is significant.