Demographics and clinical data of PD patients with ADL impairment
| ADL impairment defined by both NEUR and PQ (n=56) | ADL impairment defined by NEUR but not PQ (n=52) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male patients | 62.5% | 55.8% | 0.48 |
| Age (years) | 76.5 (6.9) | 74.2 (7.0) | 0.1 |
| Education years | 8.0 (5.2) | 6.6 (4.9) | 0.14 |
| BMI | 23.1 (3.5) | 24.2 (3.5) | 0.12 |
| Disease duration (years) | 6.4 (5.5) | 5.7 (6.3) | 0.21 |
| Modified H & Y stage | 0.33 | ||
| Stage 1.0 | 1 (1.8%) | 4 (7.7%) | |
| Stage 1.5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Stage 2.0 | 7 (12.5%) | 13 (25%) | |
| Stage 2.5 | 8 (14.3%) | 5 (9.6%) | |
| Stage 3.0 | 26 (46.4%) | 21 (40.4%) | |
| Stage 4.0 | 9 (16.1%) | 6 (11.5%) | |
| Stage 5.0 | 5 (8.9%) | 3 (5.8%) | |
| Motor part of UPDRS | 42.4 (15.7) | 31 (13.6) | <0.001 |
| MMSE | 16.1 (5.5) | 22.1 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| MoCA | 11.4 (5.2) | 16.6 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Delayed recall of 12-item word recall test | 2.1 (2.3) | 5.0 (2.6) | <0.001 |
| Category verbal fluency | 6.1 (3.1) | 9.4 (2.8) | <0.001 |
| Forward digit span | 6.7 (2.7) | 7.6 (2.6) | 0.06 |
| Backward digit span | 3.0 (2.1) | 3.6 (2.1) | 0.18 |
| Cube copying | 1.0 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.7) | 0.007 |
| Clock drawing | 5.1 (4.8) | 9.6 (4.7) | <0.001 |
Values are means with SDs unless otherwise indicated. Values in boldface indicate statistically significant differences between groups after adjustment for multiple comparisons.
ADL, activities of daily living; BMI, body mass index; H & Y, Hoehn and Yahr; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; NEUR, neurologist; PD, Parkinson's disease; PQ, Pill Questionnaire; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale.