Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with and without ICBs before and after STN DBS
| ICB | No-ICB | |
|---|---|---|
| Number | 13 | 43 |
| Gender (female/male) | 4/9 | 17/28 |
| Age at PD onset | 40.9 (±7.8) | 44.9 (±7.5) |
| Age at surgery | 52.9 (±6.3) | 56.3 (±7.3) |
| Disease duration at surgery | 12 (±4.6) | 11.3 (±4.1) |
| UPDRS motor score at baseline (practically defined off condition) | 39.6 (±17.1) | 45 (±16.6) |
| UPDRS motor score at 3-year follow-up (practically defined off condition and stimulation turned on) | 25.3 (±14.2)* | 19.7 (11.4)* |
| Levodopa (LEDD mg) before surgery | 838.2 (±689.2) | 837.4 (±494.2) |
| Levodopa (LEDD mg) at 3-year follow-up | 508.8 (±401.2)† | 437.6 (±381.1)* |
| DAA (LEDD mg) before surgery | 473.1 (±276.6)‡ | 232.9 (±188.6) |
| DAA (LEDD mg) at 3-year follow-up | 185.4 (±156.7)* | 210.3 (±188.6) |
| Amantadine (LEDD mg) before surgery | 69.2 (±126.7) | 23.3 (±63.9) |
| Amantadine (LEDD mg) at 3-year follow-up | 46.2 (±87.7) | 38.4 (±83) |
| MAOIs (LEDD mg) before surgery | 19.2 (±38.4) | 23.3 (±63.9) |
| MAOIs (LEDD mg) at 3-year follow-up | 23.1 (±43.9) | 28.9 (±101.9) |
| Total LEDD before surgery | 1399.7 (±677) | 1114.5 (±529.1) |
| Total LEDD at 3-year follow-up | 763.4 (±449.1)* | 715.1 (±432)* |
| TEED (µJ) | 180 (±67.1) | 221 (±83.3) |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean (±SD), dichotomous variables as ratio.
The within-participants comparisons were made by Wilcoxon signed rank test. The between-participants comparisons were made by Mann-Whitney test for quantitative data and by χ2 test for categorical data.
*Significant difference in within-participants confrontation.
†Trend towards a difference in within-participants confrontation.
‡Significant differences in between-participants confrontation.
DAA, dopamine agonist; DBS, deep brain stimulation; ICB, impulse control behaviours; LEDD, levodopa-equivalent daily dose; MAOIs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors; PD, Parkinson's disease; STN, subthalamic nucleus; TEED, total electrical energy delivered; UPDRS, Unified PD rating scale.