Associated factors | Study | N | OR or p value |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical factors on admission | |||
Higher blood glucose level | Alvarez-Sabín et al30 | 73 | 3.61 (1.23 to 10.64) |
Mori et al50 | 566 | 1.17 (1.07 to 1.28)* | |
Diabetes | Dávalos et al23 (ECASSI) | 615 | 1.79 (1.03 to 3.09)* |
Aspirin use at baseline | Grotta et al27(NINDS) | 624 | 0.53 (0.22 to 0.88)* |
Higher NIHSS score | Haeusler et al49 | 291† | 1.10 (1.05 to 1.14)† |
616‡ | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.09)‡ | ||
Morita et al41 | 22 | p=0.010 | |
Lower NIHSS score | Mori et al50 | 566 | 0.92 (0.87 to 0.97)* |
Coronary heart disease | Dávalos et al23 (ECASSI) | 615 | 1.74 (1.09 to 2.78)* |
Higher admission delay | Dávalos et al23 (ECASSI) | 615 | 1.22 (1.06 to 1.42)* |
Older age | Morita et al41 | 22 | p=0.028 |
Previous TIA | Dharmasaroja et al48 | 203 | 7.72 (1.07 to 55.99) |
Radiological factors on admission | |||
HMCA sign | Dávalos et al23 (ECASSI) | 615 | 1.74 (1.09 to 2.78)* |
Arterial occlusion or stenosis | Alexandrov et al25 | 50 | 18.2 (1.98 to 167.34) |
Tandem ICA-M1 occlusion | Rubiera et al36 | 221 | 4.26 (1.53 to 11.86) |
ICA occlusion | Mori et al50 | 566 | 5.36 (2.60 to 11.09)* |
Early ischaemic changes (EIC) on CT | Dávalos et al23 (ECASSI) | 615 | 1.93 (1.28 to 2.94)* |
Aries et al43 | 384 | p<0.001* | |
EIC on CT or HMCA | Grotta et al27(NINDS) | 624 | 1.91 (1.13 to 3.23)* |
Higher DWI volume | Morita et al41 | 22 | p=0.030 |
Clinical factors at 24-h | |||
Higher NIHSS score | Grotta et al27 | 624 | 2.54 (2.44 to 2.64) |
Radiological factors at 24 h | |||
No recanalisation | Kimura et al39 | 49 | p=0.039 |
Arterial reocclusion | Saqqur et al37§ | 374 | 4.85 (1.75 to 13.46)* |
Del Río-Espínola et al46§ | 222 | p=0.002 | |
Symptomatic ICH | Mori et al50 | 566 | 12.90 (2.76 to 67.41)* |
Dharmasaroja et al48 | 203 | 4.48 (1.47 to 13.64) | |
Infarct >33% MCA territory | Dávalos et al23 | 615 | 2.5 (1.6 to 4.0)* |
Brain swelling | Dávalos et al23 | 615 | 1.8 (1.1 to 3.2)* |
*Multivariate analysis.
†Cohort Charité.
‡Cohort TEMPiS.
§There is apparent overlap between the samples of these two studies.
DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; ECASSI, The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study; END24, early neurological deterioration within 24 h of acute ischaemic stroke; HMCA sign, hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign; ICA, internal carotid artery; ICH, intracranial haemorrhage; M1, first segment of middle cerebral artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TEMPis, the Telemedical Project of Inte- grated Stroke Care; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.