Kaplan–Meier estimates of the median time from EDSS 4 to EDSS 6, and multivariable Cox regression model estimates of HRs by potential risk factors
| Factor | n | Median time from EDSS 4 to EDSS 6 (95% CI) | p Value* | Time from EDSS 4 to EDSS 6 (n=310) HR value (95% CI) | p Value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 310 | 3 (2 to 3) | – | – | – |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 158 | 3 (2 to 3) | 0.71 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.45 |
| Male | 152 | 2 (2 to 3) | 1.12 (0.84 to 1.49) | ||
| Time to EDSS 4 | |||||
| 0 to 5 | 172 | 2 (2 to 3) | 0.02 | 0.05 | |
| >5 to 10 | 63 | 3 (2 to 4) | 0.97 (0.95 to 1.00)‡ | ||
| >10 | 75 | 4 (3 to 6) | |||
| Age at onset | |||||
| <30 | 35 | 3 (2 to 5) | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
| 30 to <40 | 67 | 3 (2 to 5) | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04)‡ | ||
| 40 to <50 | 122 | 2 (2 to 3) | |||
| 50 and older | 86 | 2 (2 to 3) | |||
| Onset symptoms | |||||
| Motor | |||||
| Absent | 131 | 2 (2 to 3) | 0.02 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.11 |
| Present | 173 | 2 (3 to 4) | 0.74 (0.52 to 1.07) | ||
| Motor | |||||
| Absent | 131 | 2 (2 to 3) | 0.06 | ||
| Unilateral | 117 | 3 (3 to 4) | – | – | |
| Bilateral | 56 | 2 (2 to 3) | |||
| Sensory | |||||
| Absent | 172 | 3 (2 to 3) | 0.32 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.72 |
| Present | 132 | 2 (2 to 3) | 1.07 (0.74 to 1.54) | ||
| Sensory | |||||
| Absent | 172 | 3 (2 to 3) | 0.61 | ||
| Unilateral | 75 | 2 (2 to 3) | – | – | |
| Bilateral | 57 | 3 (2 to 4) | |||
| CB | |||||
| Absent | 249 | 3 (2 to 3) | 0.37 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.85 |
| Present | 55 | 2 (2 to 3) | 1.05 (0.67 to 1.64) | ||
| Visual | |||||
| Absent | 294 | 3 (2 to 3) | 0.95 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.48 |
| Present | 10 | 2 (1-NA) | 1.36 (0.58 to 3.21) | ||
*Log-rank test.
†Wald-test.
‡Per year increase.
Bold figures represent statistically significant findings.
CB, cerebellar/brainstem; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; NA, not available.