Frequency of CV risk factors in HC and patients with MS
| HC (n=175) | MS (n=489) | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual CV risk factors, n (%)* | |||||
| Overweight/obesity | 95 (54.3) | 273 (55.8) | 0.94 | 0.65 to 1.36 | 0.779 |
| BMI <18.5 | 3 (1.7) | 14 (2.7) | 0.847 | ||
| BMI ≥18.5–24.9 | 60 (34.3) | 178 (36.4) | |||
| BMI ≥25–29.9 | 53 (30.3) | 160 (32.7) | |||
| BMI ≥30 | 42 (24) | 113 (23.1) | |||
| Smoking | 61 (34.3) | 248 (50.7) | 1.91 | 1.34 to 2.75 | 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 38 (21.7) | 148 (30.3) | 1.56 | 1.04 to 2.35 | 0.035 |
| Heart disease | 32 (18.3) | 103 (21.1) | 1.19 | 0.76 to 1.85 | 0.418 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 1 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | 0.71 | 0.06 to 7.91 | 0.832 |
| Two or more overall CV risk factors, n (%) | 63 (36) | 244 (49.9) | 1.77 | 1.24 to 2.53 | 0.003 |
| Specific combinations, n (%) | |||||
| Heart disease and hypertension | 13 (7.4) | 35 (7.2) | 0.962 | 0.49 to 1.86 | 0.866 |
| Heart disease and smoking | 8 (4.6) | 58 (11.9) | .811. | 1.31 to 6.01 | 0.007 |
| Heart disease and BMI ≥25 | 16 (9.1) | 68 (13.9) | 612.1 | 0.9 to 2.85 | 0.141 |
| Hypertension and smoking | 14 (8.0) | 78 (16.0) | 81.72 | 1.2 to 3.97 | 0.011 |
| Hypertension and BMI ≥25 | 22 (12.6) | 97 (19.8) | 2.16 | 1.04 to 2.83 | 0.045 |
| Smoking and BMI ≥25 | 27 (15.4) | 138 (28.2) | 1.37 to 3.39 | 0.002 | |
| Three or more overall CV risk factors, n (%) | 15 (8.6) | 92 (18.8) | 2.47 | 1.39 to 4.39 | 0.002 |
| Specific combinations, n (%) | |||||
| Heart disease and hypertension and smoking | 4 (2.3) | 19 (3.9) | 1.73 | 0.58 to 5.15 | 0.303 |
| Heart disease and hypertension and BMI ≥25 | 6 (3.4) | 27 (5.5) | 1.64 | 0.67 to 4.06 | 0.278 |
| Heart disease and smoking and BMI ≥25 | 3 (1.7) | 40 (8.2) | 5.11 | 1.56 to 16.73 | 0.003 |
| Hypertension and smoking and BMI ≥25 | 8 (4.6) | 51 (10.4) | 2.43 | 1.13 to 5.23 | 0.011 |
Differences between groups were calculated by using Fisher's exact test or χ2 test. OR and 95% CI were calculated by using the presence or absence of CV risk factors.
*Among HC, the following data were not collected: 7 (4%) for BMI, 5 (2.9%) for heart disease category, 11 (6.3%) for hypertension category, 7 (4%) for type 1 diabetes and 8 (4.6%) for smoking. Among patients with MS, the following CV risk factor data were not collected: 24 (4.9%) for BMI, 16 (3.8%) for heart disease category, 32 (6.5%) for hypertension category, 9 (1.8%) for type 1 diabetes and 9 (1.8%) for smoking.
BMI, body mass index; CV, cardiovascular; HC, healthy controls; MS, multiple sclerosis.