ORs with 95% CIs of developing MS for participants in different categories based on coffee consumption using logistic regression
| EIMS | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee consumption at index | Coffee consumption 5 years prior to index | Coffee consumption 10 years prior to index | |||||||
| Number of cups, 1 cup=150 mL | Cases/controls* | OR† | OR‡ | Cases/controls* | OR† | OR‡ | Cases/controls* | OR† | OR‡ |
| 0 | 348/577 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 372/623 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 384/607 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 1–2 | 523/867 | 1.01 (0.85 to 1.20) | 0.97 (0.80 to 1.17) | 484/804 | 1.03 (0.86 to 1.23) | 1.04 (0.86 to 1.24) | 389/738 | 0.85 (0.71 to 1.02) | 0.80 (0.67 to 0.97) |
| 3–4 | 479/897 | 0.91 (0.76 to 1.09) | 0.82 (0.68 to 0.99) | 393/755 | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.10) | 0.84 (0.69 to 1.02) | 326/561 | 0.96 (0.78 to 1.18) | 0.84 (0.68 to 1.04) |
| 5–6 | 196/319 | 1.05 (0.84 to 1.33) | 0.86 (0.67 to 1.10) | 178/275 | 1.13 (0.89 to 1.44) | 0.94 (0.73 to 1.21) | 136/225 | 1.00 (0.77 to 1.31) | 0.80 (0.60 to 1.06) |
| 7+ | 74/128 | 0.99 (0.72 to 1.36) | 0.70 (0.49 to 0.99) | 65/119 | 0.95 (0.68 to 1.33) | 0.72 (0.51 to 1.03) | 52/86 | 1.00 (0.68 to 1.45) | 0.71 (0.47 to 1.06) |
| p for trend | 0.80 | 0.01 | 0.96 | 0.05 | 0.78 | 0.06 | |||
| KPNC | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee consumption at index | Coffee consumption 5 years prior to index | |||||
| Number of cups, 1 cup=237 mL | Cases/controls* | OR§ | OR¶ | ca/co* | OR§ | OR¶ |
| 0 | 511/504 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 598/601 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 1–3 | 457/456 | 1.00 (0.83 to 1.20) | 1.00 (0.77 to 1.28) | 395/385 | 1.04 (0.86 to 1.27) | 0.98 (0.76 to 1.27) |
| 4+ | 191/212 | 0.90 (0.71 to 1.14) | 0.69 (0.50 to 0.96) | 166/186 | 0.91 (0.71 to 1.17) | 0.64 (0.45 to 0.91) |
| p for trend | 0.45 | 0.05 | 0.62 | 0.04 | ||
EIMS: Data on coffee consumption habits at index were missing for 57 cases and 166 controls. Unconditional logistic regression has been used.
KPNC: Data on coffee consumption habits at index were missing for 4 cases and 6 controls. Conditional logistic regression has been used.
*Number of exposed cases and controls.
†Adjusted for age, gender, residential area and ancestry.
‡Adjusted for age, gender, residential area, ancestry, smoking habits, exposure to passive smoking, sun exposure habits and body mass index at age 20 years.
§Matched OR (sex, birth date, race/ethnicity and zip code of the case residence).
¶Adjusted for smoking habits, exposure to passive smoking, sun exposure habits, and body mass index at age 20 years.
EIMS, Epidemiological Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis; MS, multiple sclerosis.