Summary of the included studies
| First author | Patients (n) | Deaths (n) | person-year | Study duration period | CMR (95% CI) | Overall SMR (95% CI) | SMR male (95% CI) | SMR female (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hansen et al (Denmark)3 | 9881 | 4254 | 207 862 | 1949–1997 | 20.46 (19.85 to 21.07) | 2.89 (2.81 to 2.98) | 2.66 (2.54 to 2.78) | 3.14 (3.01 to 3.27) |
| Torkildsen et al (Norway)26 | 878 | 198 | 35 120 | 1953–2005 | 5.63 (4.85 to 6.42) | 2.66 (2.31 to 9.87) | 2.23 (1.81 to 9.12) | 3.11 (2.58 to 3.74) |
| Ragonese et al (Italy)25* | 183 | 30 | 4188 | 1960–2007 | 7.16 (4.60 to 9.71) | 2.12 (1.32 to 3.46) | 2.00 (0.89 to 4.46) | 2.22 (1.23 to 4.00) |
| Sumelahti et al (Finland)24 | 1614 | 219 | 32 165 | 1971–2006 | 6.80 (5.90 to 7.70) | 2.80 (2.60 to 6.15) | 2.20 (1.90 to 6.16) | 3.40 (3.00 to 3.90) |
| Smestad et al (Norway)23 | 386 | 263 | 12 172 | 1972–2005 | 21.60 (19.02 to 24.19) | 2.47 (2.09 to 6.38) | 2.02 (1.56 to 6.17) | 2.94 (2.36 to 3.62) |
| Leray et al (France)22 | 1879 | 68 | 23 906 | 1976–2003 | 2.84 (2.16 to 3.52) | 1.30 (1.00 to 8.18) | 1.10 (0.80 to 8.90) | 1.50 (1.10 to 2.10) |
| Kingwell et al (Canada)4 | 6917 | 1025 | 77 950 | 1980–2007 | 13.14 (12.35 to 13.94) | 2.88 (2.71 to 3.07) | 2.68 (2.43 to 2.96) | 3.01 (2.79 to 3.25) |
| Hirst et al (Wales)20 | 366 | 218 | 5609 | 1985–2006 | 38.86 (33.80 to 43.92) | 2.79 (2.44 to 3.18) | 2.26 (1.79 to 2.85) | 3.14 (2.67 to 3.69) |
| Lalmohamed et al (UK)21 | 1270 | 69 | 3937 | 2001–2008 | 17.52 (13.42 to 21.62) | 3.51 (2.63 to 4.69) | 2.96 (1.84 to 4.77) | 3.94 (2.73 to 5.68) |
| Manouchehrinia et al (UK)27 | 923 | 80 | 18 717 | 1994–2012 | 4.27 (3.34 to 5.20) | 1.99 (1.70 to 2.33) | 2.41 (1.95 to 2.96) | 1.80 (1.40 to 2.30) |
| Sadovnick et al (Canada)16 | 2348 | 115 | – | 1972–1985 | – | 2.00 (1.63 to 2.36)† | – | |
| Zarranz et al (Spain)28 | 1283 | 89 | 16 422 | 1987–2011 | 5.41 (4.29 to 6.54) | 2.78 (2.20 to 3.35)† | 3.26 (2.27 to 4.24)† | 2.73 (1.94 to 3.51)† |
*95% CI is calculated.
†SMRs from univariate relative risk.
CMR, crude mortality rate; SMR, standardised mortality ratio.