Raw neuropsychological test results by clusters
| Memory-impaired | Memory-spared | Memory-indifferent | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MILD MEM n=197 | MOD MEM n=202 | MILD VILA n=41 | MILD EXE n=153 | MOD VISP n=87 | MILD DIFF n=103 | MOD LAN n=63 | SEV DIFF n=92 | |
| MMSE | 24±3 | 19±4 | 25±3 | 23±3 | 19±3 | 21±4 | 20±3 | 14±3 |
| Memory | ||||||||
| RAVLT learning | 25±6 | 17±5 | 30±10 | 24±6 | 24±7 | 19±6 | 15±5 | 14±5 |
| RAVLT delayed recall | 1±2 | 0±0 | 4±4 | 3±2 | 3±2 | 2±2 | 1±1 | 1±1 |
| VAT | 6±4 | 4±3 | 6±4 | 7±4 | 11±1 | 5±4 | 5±3 | 1±2 |
| Language | ||||||||
| VAT naming | 12±0 | 12±0 | 10±1 | 12±0 | 11±1 | 11±0 | 9±2 | 9±3 |
| ABCD naming test | 17±2 | 16±2 | 15±4 | 17±2 | 15±3 | 16±3 | 11±4 | 12±4 |
| Category fluency | 17±5 | 10±4 | 15±5 | 14±4 | 10±4 | 12±3 | 7±3 | 6±3 |
| Executive functioning | ||||||||
| Letter fluency | 33±11 | 19±7 | 36±8 | 28±11 | 24±9 | 23±9 | 22±8 | 11±6 |
| Comparative questions | 6±0 | 5±1 | 6±1 | 5±1 | 5±1 | 6±0 | 5±1 | 4±2 |
| FAB | 15±2 | 10±3 | 16±1 | 14±3 | 10±2 | 13±3 | 10±3 | 7±3 |
| Digit span backward | 9±2 | 5±2 | 9±2 | 6±2 | 4±2 | 6±2 | 6±2 | 4±2 |
| TMT-B (sec.) | 162±69 | 339±130 | 200±115 | 242±108 | 417±134 | 229±98 | 285±93 | 294±201 |
| Attention | ||||||||
| TMT-A (s) | 52±19 | 108±62 | 73±49 | 81±47 | 185±97 | 88±44 | 83±34 | 186±115 |
| Digit span forward | 13±3 | 10±2 | 13±2 | 10±2 | 10±3 | 11±3 | 10±2 | 8±2 |
| Visuospatial functioning | ||||||||
| Dot counting | 10±0 | 9±1 | 9±1 | 9±1 | 7±3 | 9±1 | 9±1 | 7±3 |
| Number location | 9±1 | 8±2 | 9±2 | 8±2 | 6±3 | 7±2 | 8±1 | 6±2 |
| Incomplete letters | 19±2 | 14±5 | 14±7 | 17±3 | 9±7 | 16±3 | 17±2 | 7±7 |
| Money counting score | 3±1 | 2±1 | 3±1 | 2±1 | 1±1 | 2±1 | 2±1 | 1±1 |
| Money counting time (s) | 57±26 | 106±58 | 83±40 | 87±46 | 189±104 | 90±39 | 126±56 | 217±87 |
Raw data are presented as mean±SD. Raw data are shown, whereas for the latent class analysis z-scores were used. A higher score on TMT-A, TMT-B and money counting time means worse performance.
Abbreviations clusters (mean neuropsychological test results available per cluster):
ABCD, Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; MILD-DIFF, mild-diffuse (61%); MILD-EXE, mild-executive (73%); MILD-MEM, mild-memory (73%); MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MOD-LAN, moderate-language (68%), MOD-MEM, moderate-memory (57%); MILD-VILA, mild-visuospatial-language (68%),; MOD-VISP, moderate-visuospatial (68%); RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; SEV-DIFF, severe-diffuse (52%); VAS, Visual Association Test.