Table 2

Summaries of causes of death, onset age, disability score and disease severity by patients’ lifelong smoking status

Cause of deathEver smokedNever smoked
nOnset age (median)Last EDSS in clinic (median)nOnset age (median)Last EDSS in clinic (median)
MS-related cause3236815338.5
 Pneumonia21898.5
 Sepsis4828
 Other or not specified7848
Cancer103364277
Cardiovascular7386436.57
Other227.574388
  • EDSS, expanded disability status scale; MS, multiple sclerosis.