Characteristics of the population
| HS (n=69) | CIS (n=37) | MS (n=32) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age median (range)* | 36 (21–60) | 36 (19–59)NS | 42 (29–50)NS | ||
| Sex ♀† | 50 (72.46%) | 29 (78.38%)NS | 23 (71.88%)NS | ||
| EDSS median (range)† | 1.00 (0–6) | 3.00 (0–8)*** | |||
| Disease duration mean (SD) in months‡ | 4.25 (±1.98) | 106.11 (±61.44)*** | |||
| MSSS median (range)‡ | 2.44 (0.67–9.74) | 3.55 (0.21–9.09)*** | |||
| Educational level† | 54 (78.26%) | 25 (67.57%)NS | 21 (65.62%)NS | ||
| Attention mean z score (SD)/% impaired‡ | −0.13 (±0.44) | 0 | −0.33 (±0.70)* | 6.25 | |
| Working memory mean z score (SD)/% impaired‡ | −0.32 (±0.73) | 5.41 | −0.97 (±0.78)** | 25 | |
| EF mean z score (SD)/% impaired‡ | −0.54 (±0.69) | 8.11 | −0.75 (±0.83)NS | 15.3 | |
| IPS mean z score (SD)/% impaired‡ | −0.57 (±1.06) | 13.51 | −2.11 (±1.02)*** | 71.77 | |
*Results for ANOVA between HS, CIS and MS.
†Results for Fisher's exact test.
‡Results for paired t-test between persons with clinically isolated syndromes and multiple sclerosis.
Differences between groups: NS: not significant; p>0.05; *p≤0.05; **p≤0.01; ***p≤0.001.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; CIS, clinically isolated syndrome; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; EF, executive functions; HS, healthy subjects; IPS, information processing speed; MS, multiple sclerosis; MSSS, Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score.