Table 1

Baseline demographics and PD characteristics by ICD status at baseline (FAS)

ICD negative
n=763		ICD positive
n=306		p value
Male, n (%)463 (60.7)223 (72.9)0.0002
Age, mean±SD, years66.6±9.363.6±9.5<0.0001
Age at PD onset, mean±SD, years60.8±10.556.6±10.5<0.0001
Duration of PD, mean±SD, years5.8±4.926.9±5.190.0003
PD symptom severity, mean±SD:
 HY stage*
 UPDRS III subscore*,†
 NMSS total score*
 NMSS domains *:
  Cardiovascular
  Sleep/fatigue
  Mood/apathy
  Perception/hallucinations
  Attention/memory
  Gastrointestinal tract
  Urinary
  Sexual function
  Miscellaneous
 PDSS-2 total score*
 PDQ-8 total score*
 BDI-II total score*
 MMSE adjusted total score||
 FAB total score||
 PD-CRS total score||		 ­
2.0±0.63
14.2±7.09
32.2±30.58‡
­
1.1±2.27‡
5.8±6.79‡
5.7±9.82‡
0.5±2.08‡
3.1±4.81‡
3.3±4.58‡
6.0±7.85‡
2.5±5.08‡
4.2±5.83‡
12.3±8.93§
21.5±16.2
9.3±7.54**
27.6±1.75
14.9±2.89
80.7±19.3†† 		­
2.0±0.70
14.1±5.89
45.0±33.41‡‡
­
1.5±2.44
8.3±7.98
8.2±11.02
0.7±2.4
4.6±5.95
4.4±5.58
6.7±7.94
4.7±6.37
5.8±6.49‡‡
15.1±10.6
27.9±17.6
12.6±7.75§§
27.9±1.62
15.0±2.73
80.4±17.9		 ­
0.1273
0.4409
<0.0001
­
0.0017
<0.0001
<0.0001
0.0382
<0.0001
0.0039
0.0546
<0.0001
<0.0001
0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
0.0205
0.9102
0.9513
NPI-3, n (%)
 Delusions
 Hallucinations
 Apathy/indifference		 ­
11 (1.4)
41 (5.4)
149 (19.6)		 ­
10 (3.3)
33 (10.9)
102 (33.6)		 ­
0.0502
0.0015
0.0000
State of disease according to PD treatment, n (%)
 Stable, in optimal treatment
 Stable, in suboptimal treatment
 Complicated, in treatment		 ­
489 (64.1)
160 (21.0)
114 (14.9)		 ­
169 (55.2)
81 (26.5)
56 (18.3)		 ­
N/A
N/A
N/A

  • Continuous variables analysed with the Wilcoxon/Mann-Whitney test, and categorical variables analysed with the χ2 test.

  • *Higher score indicates more severe.

  • †Dominant side of the body only.

  • ||Lower score indicates more severe.

  • n=‡762, §760, ¶761, **752, ††756, ‡‡305, §§299.

  • BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory II; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; FAS, Full Analysis Set; HY, Hoehn and Yahr scale; ICD, impulse control disorder; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; N/A, not applicable; NMSS, Non-motor Symptoms Scale; PD-CRS, Parkinson’s Disease-Cognition Rating Scale; PDQ-8, Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-8 items; PDSS-2, Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-2.