Table 3

Frequency of cognitive impairments in bvFTD and ALS-FTD

	bvFTD		ALS-FTD		χ²	p Value
	% present	n	% present	n
Language features
Impaired confrontation naming	54	180	66	53	3.70	0.059
Word finding difficulties in conversation	16	145	23	37	3.41	0.082
Impaired single word comprehension	17	181	23	54	1.10	0.326
Impaired sentence comprehension	32	171	48	53	4.62	0.036*
Word repetition†	5	165	2	42	0.90	0.468
Impaired sentence repetition	16	150	16	37	03.4	0.651
Phonological errors†	8	180	6	38	0.01	1.00
Surface dyslexia	8	172	9	38	0.95	0.350
Impaired spelling	28	161	25	46	0.03	1.00
Agrammatism†	5	173	14	46	6.49	0.017*
Reduced speech output	51	183	34	45	1.36	0.318
Verbal perseveration	21	180	23	47	0.76	0.436
Echolalia	22	183	16	47	0.16	0.699
Executive dysfunction
Impaired letter fluency	76	173	63	45	0.22	.675
Impaired abstraction/set shifting	69	169	59	50	1.88	0.202
Cognitive impulsivity	48	182	34	55	3.51	0.066

*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
†Fisher’s exact statistic used as expected cell counts below 5.
ALS-FTD, behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; bvFTD, behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia.