Non-motor scores at baseline, year 1 and year 2
| Variable | PD subjects | Healthy controls (HC) | p Values | |||||||
| Baseline (n=423) | Year 1 (n=398) | Year 2 (n=380) | p-Value (change over time) | Baseline (n=196) | Year 1 (n=185) | Year 2 (n=174) | p-Value (change over time) | Group*Visit interaction | PD versus HC | |
| MoCA | ||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 27.13 (2.32) | 26.30 (2.83) | 26.26 (3.16) | <0.0001 | 28.23 (1.11) | 27.27 (2.19) | 27.25 (2.34) | <0.0001 | 0.8095 | <0.0001 |
| (Min, Max) | (17.00, 30.00) | (15.00, 30.00) | (9.00, 30.00) | (26.00, 30.00) | (20.00, 30.00) | (21.00, 30.00) | ||||
| Missing | 3 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
| GDS | ||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.32 (2.44) | 2.57 (2.92) | 2.63 (2.87) | 0.0049 | 1.29 (2.10) | 1.41 (2.36) | 1.16 (1.92) | 0.3403 | 0.1341 | <0.0001 |
| (Min, Max) | (0.00, 14.00) | (0.00, 15.00) | (0.00, 15.00) | (0.00, 15.00) | (0.00, 15.00) | (0.00, 12.00) | ||||
| Missing | 0 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| SCOPA-AUT | ||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 9.51 (6.18) | 10.92 (6.44) | 11.53 (6.56) | <0.0001 | 5.83 (3.69) | 5.84 (4.40) | 6.04 (4.37) | 0.8642 | <0.0001 | NA* |
| (Min, Max) | (0.00, 39.00) | (0.00, 45.00) | (0.00, 42.00) | (0.00, 20.00) | (0.00, 22.00) | (0.00, 22.00) | ||||
| Missing | 8 | 8 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| STAI—state subscore | ||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 32.96 (10.24) | 32.45 (10.02) | 32.48 (10.09) | 0.2572 | 28.02 (8.03) | 27.43 (8.59) | 27.94 (8.67) | 0.5887 | 0.9003 | <0.0001 |
| (Min, Max) | (20.00, 76.00) | (20.00, 77.00) | (20.00, 76.00) | (20.00, 58.00) | (20.00, 64.00) | (20.00, 78.00) | ||||
| Missing | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| STAI—trait subscore | ||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 32.37 (9.45) | 32.69 (9.68) | 32.58 (9.55) | 0.1596 | 29.11 (7.47) | 28.78 (8.77) | 28.00 (7.27) | 0.0041 | 0.0282 | NA* |
| (Min, Max) | (20.00, 63.00) | (20.00, 73.00) | (20.00, 66.00) | (20.00, 53.00) | (20.00, 64.00) | (20.00, 58.00) | ||||
| Missing | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) | ||||||||||
| Negative (less than 10) | 357 (84.40%) | 329 (83.29%) | 290 (77.33%) | 0.4782 | 171 (87.69%) | 165 (89.19%) | 151 (86.78%) | 0.6304 | 0.3868 | 0.0145 |
| Positive (10 or above) | 66 (15.60%) | 66 (16.71%) | 85 (22.67%) | 24 (12.31%) | 20 (10.81%) | 23 (13.22%) | ||||
| Missing | 0 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBDQ) | ||||||||||
| Negative (less than 5) | 261 (62.14%) | 256 (65.14%) | 218 (58.13%) | 0.4137 | 157 (80.10%) | 150 (81.08%) | 145 (83.33%) | 0.5163 | 0.1060 | <0.0001 |
| Positive (five or above) | 159 (37.86%) | 137 (34.86%) | 157 (41.87%) | 39 (19.90%) | 35 (18.92%) | 29 (16.67%) | ||||
| Missing | 3 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| QUIP | ||||||||||
| No disorders | 335 (79.38%) | 342 (86.58%) | 300 (79.79%) | 0.0025 | 160 (81.63%) | 149 (80.54%) | 145 (83.33%) | 0.5375 | 0.0135 | NA* |
| Any one or more disorders | 87 (20.62%) | 53 (13.42%) | 76 (20.21%) | 36 (18.37%) | 36 (19.46%) | 29 (16.67%) | ||||
| Missing | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Age-adjusted/sex-adjusted UPSIT | ||||||||||
| Normosmia | 39 (9.22%) | NA | NA | NA | 122 (62.24%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | <0.001† |
| Hyposmia | 237 (56.03%) | NA | NA | 69 (35.20%) | NA | NA | ||||
| Anosmia | 147 (34.75%) | NA | NA | 5 (2.55%) | NA | NA | ||||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
See text for the description of the scales. Higher scores are worse for GDS, SCOPA-AUT, STAI, ESS, RBDQ and QUIP. Higher scores are better for MoCA.
Report generated on data submitted as of 4January 2016.
*PD versus HC comparison is not applicable if test of interaction was significant. A significant test of interaction means the rates of change over time are different between the two groups.
†UPSIT p-value comes from a Χ2 test.
GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PD, Parkinson’s disease; N/A, not applicable; QUIP, Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease; REM, rapid eye movement; SCOPA-AUT Scale for Outcomes for Parkinson disease-autonomic function; STAI, State and Trait Anxiety Scale; UPSIT, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test.