Prevalence of anterior hypopituitarism following TBI (<1 month)
| Study | n | GCS | Time from injury | Anterior hypopituitarism (axis affected) | |||||
| Total (%) | GH (%) | FSH/LH (%) | ACTH (%) | TSH (%) | Multiple (%) | ||||
| Alavi et al 51 | 58 | <14 | 0–7 days | 10.3 | – | – | 10.3 | – | – |
| Hannon et al 50 | 100 | <14 | 1–10 days | 78 | – | – | 78 | – | – |
| Olivecrona et al 48* | 45 | <9 | 1 day | – | 30.2 | 55.2 | 52.3–54.5 | 9.1 | – |
| 4 days | – | 2.3 | 58.6 | 59.1–70.5 | 27.3 | – | |||
| Krahulik et al 66 | 186 | 3–14 | Acute | 53 | 37 | 33 | 10 | 3 | – |
| Klose et al 20 | 46 | 3–15 | 0–12 days | 76 | – | 67 | 4 | 33 | 28 |
| Tanriverdi et al 49 | 52 | 3–15 | 24 hours | 56 | 20 | 41 | 9.8 | 6 | – |
| Agha et al 52 | 50 | 8–13 | Acute | – | 18 | 80 | 16 | 2 | – |
*Serum cortisol levels were measured in the morning and in the evening.
ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; GH, growth hormone; LH, luteinising hormone; TBI, traumatic brain injury; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.