Cohort summary of relapsing paediatric and adult MOG antibody-positive patients: clinical and laboratory characteristics
| Clinical and laboratory characteristics | Total cohort (n=59) | Paediatric patients (n=33) | Adult patients (n=26) | P value* | |
| Age at onset (years) Mean; median (range) | 21; 12 (1-74) | 7; 6 (1–16) | 40; 37 (18-74) | NA | |
| Gender F:M (% female) | 40:19 (68%) | 22:11 (67%) | 18:8 (69%) | 0.834 | |
| Ethnicity | Caucasian | 43/59 (73%) | 24/33 (73%) | 19/26 (73%) | 0.976† |
| South Asian | 5/59 (8.5%) | 1/33 (3%) | 4/26 (15%) | ||
| East Asian | 4/59 (6.7%) | 3/33 (9%) | 1/26 (4%) | ||
| Pacific Islander | 3/59 (5%) | 2/33 (6%) | 1/26 (4%) | ||
| Middle Eastern | 2/59 (3.4%) | 1/33 (3%) | 1/26 (4%) | ||
| Aboriginal | 2/59 (3.4%) | 2/33 (6%) | 0/26 (0%) | ||
| Presence of a preceding infectious prodrome | 27/57 (47%) | 17/33 (52%) | 10/24 (42%) | 0.462 | |
| Presenting phenotype | ADEM | 12/59 (20%) | 12/33 (36%) | 0/26 (0%) | 0.006 |
| BON | 19/59 (32%) | 8/33 (24%) | 11/26 (42%) | ||
| UON | 13/59 (22%) | 5/33 (15%) | 8/26 (31%) | ||
| Other | 15/59 (26%) | 8/33 (24%) | 7/26 (27%) | ||
| EDSS at initial presentation Mean; median (range) | 5.1; 5 (1–9.5) | 5.6; 5 (2–9.5) | 4.4; 4 (1–8.5) | 0.025 | |
| CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis at initial presentation | 28/48 (58%) | 19/29 (66%) | 9/19 (47%) | 0.212 | |
| CSF protein elevation at initial presentation | 18/49 (37%) | 11/30 (37%) | 7/19 (37%) | 0.990 | |
| Presence of intrathecal oligoclonal bands at initial presentation | 5/45 (11%) | 2/27 (7%) | 3/18 (17%) | 0.333 | |
| Relapsing syndromic classification‡ | Relapsing ON | 17/59 (29%) | 6/33 (18%) | 11/26 (42%) | |
| NMOSD | 15/59 (25%) | 7/33 (21%) | 8/26 (31%) | ||
| ADEM-ON | 4/59 (7%) | 4/33 (12%) | 0% | ||
| ADEM-LETM | 2/59 (3%) | 2/33 (6%) | 0% | ||
| ADEM-ON-cerebellar | 2/59 (3%) | 2/33 (6%) | 0% | ||
| ADEM-brainstem | 2/59 (3%) | 2/33 (6%) | 0% | ||
| UON-short TM | 2/59 (3%) | 0% | 0% | ||
| Other relapsing presentations | 15/59 (25%) | 10/33 (30%) | 7/26 (27%) | ||
| Total number of demyelinating episodes Mean; median (range) | 3.7; 3 (2–10) | 3.4; 3 (2–8) | 4; 3 (2–10) | 0.687 | |
| Presence of ADEM at some point in clinical course | 18/59 (31%) | 17/33 (52%) | 1/26 (4%) | <0.0001 | |
| Fulfills 2015 NMOSD criteria | 15/59 (25%) | 7/33 (21%) | 8/26 (31%) | 0.403 | |
| Fulfills revised McDonald criteria for MS | 9/59 (15%) | 6/33 (18%) | 3/26 (12%) | 0.481 | |
| Follow-up duration (months) Mean; median (range) | 61; 45 (12–288) | 66; 63 (12–206) | 54; 39 (12–288) | 0.225 | |
| EDSS at latest clinical follow-up Mean; median (range) | 1.29; 1 (0–5.5) | 1.08; 1 (0–3.5) | 1.56; 1.25 (0–5.5) | 0.349 | |
*P values compare differences between paediatric-onset and adult-onset demyelination in this cohort.
†Ethnicity was statistically analysed as Caucasian vs non-Caucasian ethnicity.
‡P values were not calculated when analysing differences between children and adults in this row due to multiple comparison groups of smaller numbers. Breakdown of ‘other relapsing presentations’ in the total cohort include: ADEM-cerebellar 1/59 (2%), ADEM-brainstem-cerebellar 1/59 (2%), relapsing TM 1/59 (2%), ON-TM-brainstem 1/59 (2%), other 11/59 (19%); in the paediatric cohort: ON-TM 1/33 (3%), ADEM-cerebellar 1/33 (3%), ADEM-brainstem-cerebellar 1/33 (3%), other 7/33 (21%); in the adult cohort: ON-TM 1/26 (4%), relapsing TM 1/26 (4%), ON-TM-brainstem 1/26 (4%), other 4/26 (15%). A detailed description of ‘other’ presentations is supplied in online supplementary table 3.
ADEM, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; BON, bilateral ON; CSF, central nervous system; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; LETM, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MS, multiple sclerosis; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; ON, optic neuritis; UON, unilateral ON; TM, transverse myelitis.