Classification of change in participants’ psychological distress in individual trials between pre-treatment and post-treatment assessment according to Jacobson’s Reliable Change Index
| Trial | Reliable change category (%) | |||
| n | Deteriorated | Unchanged | Improved | |
| Thompson et al (2010)26 | ||||
| Primary: mBDI | ||||
| CBT+M | 19 | 5.3 | 63.2 | 31.6 |
| WLC | 21 | 4.8 | 71.4 | 23.8 |
| Difference in % improved relative to control=7.8 | ||||
| Secondary: PHQ-9 | ||||
| CBT+M | 19 | 10.5 | 57.9 | 31.6 |
| WLC | 21 | 9.5 | 71.4 | 19.0 |
| Difference in % improved relative to control=12.6 | ||||
| Ciechanowski et al (2010)27 | ||||
| Primary: HSCL-20 | ||||
| CBT | 32 | 3.1 | 46.9 | 50.0 |
| TAU | 33 | 12.1 | 63.6 | 24.2 |
| Difference in % improved relative to control=25.8 | ||||
| Schröder et al (2014)12 | ||||
| Primary: BDI-I | ||||
| CBT+M + ACT | 25 | 0 | 72.0 | 28.0 |
| WLC | 32 | 0 | 96.9 | 3.1 |
| Difference in % improved relative to control=24.9 | ||||
| Gandy et al (2014)11 | ||||
| Primary: NDDI-E* | ||||
| CBT | 20 | 0.0 | 75.0 | 25.0 |
| WLC | 25 | 12.0 | 80.0 | 8.0 |
| Difference in % improved relative to control=17.0 | ||||
| Secondary: HADS-D | ||||
| CBT | 20 | 5.0 | 85.0 | 10.0 |
| WLC | 25 | 4.0 | 92.0 | 4.0 |
| Difference in % improved relative to control=6.0 | ||||
| Secondary: HADS-A | ||||
| CBT | 20 | 5.0 | 80.0 | 15.0 |
| WLC | 25 | 8.0 | 80.0 | 12.0 |
| Difference in % improved relative to control=3.0 | ||||
| Thompson et al (2015)22 | ||||
| Primary: mBDI | ||||
| CBT+M | 52 | 3.8 | 75.0 | 21.2 |
| WLC | 56 | 5.4 | 92.9 | 1.8 |
| Difference in % improved relative to control=19.4 | ||||
| Secondary: PHQ-9 | ||||
| CBT+M | 52 | 17.3 | 69.2 | 13.5 |
| WLC | 56 | 19.6 | 75.0 | 5.4 |
| Difference in % improved relative to control=8.1 | ||||
Duration of intervention and timing of post-treatment assessment were: Thompson et al (2010)22 intervention duration= 8 weeks, timing of post-treatment assessment= ~8 weeks; Ciechanowski et al27 (2010) intervention duration= 19 weeks, timing of post-treatment assessment=24 weeks; Schröder et al12(2014) intervention duration= 9 weeks, timing of post-treatment assessment= 9 weeks; Gandy et al (2014)11 intervention duration= 8 weeks, timing of post-treatment assessment= 9 weeks and Thompson et al (2015)22 intervention duration= 8 weeks, timing of post-treatment assessment= 10.5 weeks. Individual patient data for the secondary outcome measure NDDI-E within Thompson et al22 (2015) were not made available for analysis.
*The designation of outcome measures as being the primary or secondary outcome measure was taken directly from trial reports, except for Gandy et al (2014)11 (see Outcome assessment section).
ACT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CBT, cognitive-behavioural therapy; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Anxiety subscale; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Depression subscale; HSCL-20, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-20; M, mindfulness; mBDI, modified Beck Depression Inventory; NDDI-E, Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; TAU, treatment as usual; WLC, waitlist control.