Table 3

Mean differences (and 95% CI) in baseline depression, cognition and quality of life and in change in depression, cognition and quality of life (slopes) from baseline between those with depression–executive dysfunction syndrome (DES, n=55), executive dysfunction only (ED only, n=88), poststroke depression only (PSD only, n=38) and those without PSD and ED at baseline as reference group (n=64)

Time							Group × time*
Outcome	Baseline difference		Change baseline to 6-month follow-up		Change baseline to 12-month follow-up
Outcome	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI
Depression
ED only	0.40†	0.12 to 0.68	−0.00	−0.44 to 0.44	−0.01	−0.54 to 0.52	0.00
PSD only	2.17†	1.82 to 2.52	−0.80†	−1.33 to −0.25	−0.56	−1.20 to 0.08	8.33‡
DES	2.22†	1.91 to 2.53	−0.47	−0.95 to 0.01	−0.36	−0.94 to 0.22	3.70
Executive function
ED only	−0.82†	−1.02 to −0.61	0.10	−0.07 to 0.26	0.10	−0.07 to 0.26	1.75
PSD only	0.12	−0.14 to 0.37	−0.04	−0.24 to 0.16	−0.12	−0.32 to 0.09	1.28
DES	−0.97†	−1.20 to −0.74	0.14	−0.03 to 0.32	0.20‡	0.01 to 0.38	4.63
Global cognition
ED-only	0.14†	0.05 to 0.23	−0.02	−0.12 to 0.08	0.03	−0.07 to 0.13	0.85
PSD-only	0.03	−0.08 to 0.14	0.00	−0.12 to 0.13	−0.01	−0.13 to 0.11	0.03
DES	0.18†	0.08 to 0.28	0.02	−0.09 to 0.13	0.02	−0.09 to 0.13	0.25
Memory
ED only	−0.49†	−0.86 to −0.12	0.09	−0.37 to 0.37	−0.14	−0.44 to 0.16	2.11
PSD only	0.14	−0.33 to 0.61	−0.00	−0.37 to 0.37	0.02	−0.34 to 0.38	0.02
DES	−0.88†	−1.30 to −0.46	−0.06	−0.39 to 0.28	−0.21	−0.54 to 0.12	1.57
Processing speed
ED only	−0.49†	−0.76 to −0.22	−0.02	−0.22 to 0.19	−0.15	−0.36 to 0.05	2.55
PSD only	−0.01	−0.35 to 0.34	0.18	−0.08 to 0.43	0.17	−0.08 to 0.42	2.50
DES	−0.84†	−1.15 to −0.53	−0.04	−0.27 to 0.19	−0.03	−0.26 to 0.19	0.13
Quality of life
ED only	0.07	−0.07 to 0.21	0.11	−0.02 to 0.24	0.07	−0.07 to 0.21	2.90
PSD only	0.45†	0.28 to 0.63	0.10	−0.06 to 0.26	0.03	−0.14 to 0.20	1.62
DES	0.64†	0.48 to 0.79	0.02	−0.13 to 0.16	0.05	−0.11 to 0.20	0.35

*χ²test (2 df) of overall interaction between subgroup and time (baseline, 6-month follow-up and 12 month follow-up) omnibus test of the null hypothesis of no difference in rate of change over time between subgroups.
†P<0.01.
‡P<0.05.
MADRS, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; PSD, poststroke depression; SS-QoL, Stroke-Specific Quality of Life.