Clinical and laboratory profiles in MOG-IgG+ disease, AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD and MS
| MOG-IgG+ (n=29) | AQP4-IgG+ (n=20) | MS (n=20) | |
| Gender (male:female) | 15:14* | 5:15 | 3:17‡ |
| Age at sampling, years (range) | 18 (3–68)†††** <18: n=14 | 41 (15–77)‡‡‡* <18: n=1 | 34 (17–48)‡‡† <18: n=0 |
| Clinical diagnosis on diagnostic criteria | NMOSD (2015 IPND), n=8 Paediatric CIS/MS (2013 IPMSSG), n=8 ADEM (2013 IPMSSG), n=3 No criteria met, n=10 | NMOSD (2015 IPND), n=20 | MS (McDonald 2010), n=20 |
| Clinical site of the lesion at CSF sampling | Optic nerve, n=7 Brain, n=7 Optic nerve+spinal cord, n=6 Spinal cord, n=4 Brain+spinal cord, n=3 Brainstem, n=1 Optic nerve+brain, n=1 | Spinal cord, n=15 Optic nerve, n=3 Optic nerve+spinal cord, n=1 Brainstem, n=1 | Spinal cord, n=12 Brainstem, n=5 Optic nerve, n=3 |
| Onset/Relapse | 14/15 | 5/15 | 13/7 |
| Preceding infection/vaccination | (Infection)†** Influenza, n=3 Mycoplasma, n=1 Group A streptococcus, n=1 Varicella, n=1 Flu-like symptom, n=3 (Vaccination) Influenza, n=1 | (Infection)‡ Flu-like symptom, n=1 (Vaccination) None | None‡‡ |
| History of immune-mediated disease | 2/29 (6.9%) Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura, n=1 Kawasaki disease, n=1 | 5/20 (25%)* Systemic lupus erythematosus, n=2 Sjögren syndrome, n=1 Basedow disease, n=1 Rheumatoid arthritis, n=1 | 0/20 (0%)‡ None |
| Other medical history | Mental retardation, n=2 Malignant lymphoma, n=1 Ovarian tumour, n=1 HCV infection, n=1 Cerebrovascular disease, n=1 Diabetes mellitus, n=1 | Atopic dermatitis, n=1 Meniere’s disease, n=1 Fatty liver, n=1 Anaplastic anaemia, n=1 Gallstone, n=1 | Atopic dermatitis, n=1 Ovarian tumour, n=1 Depression, n=1 |
| Autoantibody | ANA, n=3; SS-A, n=0; SS-B, n=0 | ANA, n=7; SS-A, n=3; SS-B, n=0 | ANA, n=3; SS-A, n=0; SS-B, n=0; not examined, n=2 |
| CSF cell count (x109/L), mean±SD | 0.0528±0.0609*** | 0.0358±0.0620* | 0.0075±0.0143‡‡‡† |
| CSF protein (mg/dL), mean±SD | 46.6±27.8* | 61.6±43.1** | 32.3±12.3‡†† |
| Oligoclonal IgG band positivity | 2/26 (7.7%)*** Not examined, n=1 | 1/10 (10%)*** Not examined, n=8 | 13/16 (81.3%)‡‡‡††† Not examined, n=4 |
Versus MS: *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
Versus AQP4: †p<0.05, ††p<0.01, †††p<0.001.
Versus MOG: ‡p<0.05, ‡‡p<0.01, ‡‡‡p<0.001.
ADEM, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; ANA, antinuclear antibody; AQP4, aquaporin-4; CIS, clinically isolated syndrome; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; IPMSSG, International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group; IPND, International Panel on Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MS, multiple sclerosis; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders; SS-A, Sjögren syndrome A; SS-B, Sjögren syndrome B.