Table 4

Predictors of poor physical functioning and higher depression scores at 3-year follow-up

	TUG		9HPT—right hand		9HPT—left hand		BDI
	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE
Demographics
Age at onset	1.009*	0.003	1.011†	0.002	1.012†	0.003	1.009	0.008
Sex (male)	1.024	0.059	1.079	0.049	1.108	0.052	0.705‡	0.153
Further education (no)	0.970	0.066	0.968	0.053	0.985	0.058	0.998	0.168
Adult SES
Middle	1.072	0.074	1.028	0.061	1.014	0.065	0.994	0.191
Low	1.049	0.075	1.059	0.062	0.968	0.066	1.228	0.192
Stroke characteristics
Stroke subtype (lacunar)	1.052	0.061	1.062	0.051	1.039	0.054	0.866	0.156
Stroke severity—worst (NIHSS)	1.064*	0.023	1.023	0.018	1.011	0.019	1.068	0.055
Recurrent stroke (yes)	1.023	0.067	1.130‡	0.055	1.214‡	0.058	1.659*	0.169
Vascular factors
Diabetes	1.103	0.076	0.917	0.063	1.049	0.067	0.945	0.195
Hypertension	0.924	0.101	1.003	0.086	0.871	0.091	0.865	0.267
Hyperlipidaemia	0.924	0.073	0.941	0.059	0.882‡	0.063	0.966	0.183
Atrial fibrillation	1.002	0.071	1.005	0.059	1.009	0.063	0.981	0.182
Lifestyle factors
Smoker
Previous	1.030	0.089	1.013	0.074	1.056	0.080	1.358	0.234
Current	0.973	0.067	1.048	0.056	1.044	0.060	1.336	0.174
Alcohol (yes)	0.959	0.086	0.922	0.069	0.891	0.075	0.620	0.213
Overall model fit (R² _adjusted)	0.044		0.148		0.195		0.140

Multivariate analysis controlling for all variables included in the table.
*p<0.01,
†p<0.001.
‡p<0.05.
BDI, Beck's Depression Inventory; 9HPT, Nine Hole Peg Test; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SES, socioeconomic status; TUG, Timed Get Up and Go.